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E
Published in Philip A. Laplante, Comprehensive Dictionary of Electrical Engineering, 2018
electric flux density electric flux density basic electromagnetic field quantity used to describe the effects of permeable matter to the electric field; it is expressed in SI units of coulombs per square meter. electric furnace a method of smelting metals and applying high heat for industrial processes which makes use of the heat from an electric arc struck between (typically) carbon electrodes. electric permittivity tensor relationship between the electric field vector and the electric displacement vector in a medium with no hysteresis; displacement divided by the electric field in scalar media. electric polarization vector an auxiliary vector in electromagnetics that accounts for the creation of atomic dipoles in a dielectric material due to an applied electric field. Macroscopically, the electric polarization vector is equal to the average number of electric dipole moments per unit volume. Mathematically, P = D - 0 E, where D is the electric flux density, E is the electric field intensity, and 0 is the free space permittivity. SI units are coulombs per square meter. electric susceptibility tensor relationship between the electric field vector and the electric polarization vector in a medium with no hysteresis. It is the polarization divided by the permittivity of free space and the electric field in scalar media. electric vector potential a vector function that is used to derive solutions for electric and magnetic fields. electric vehicle (1) a vehicle powered by an electrical energy storage device such as batteries. (2) (EV) a vehicle (typically a car or truck) enabled by high-efficiency electric motors and controllers and powered by alternative energy sources, such as fuel cells. Electric vehicles are zeroemission vehicles. See regenerative braking, hybrid electric vehicle. electrical breakdown See breakdown.
Analysis of Omnidirectional Antenna Systems Using Cavity Model
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2021
Nibash Kumar Sahu, Sanjeev Kumar Mishra
The radiated electric field from the magnetic vector potential (A) and electric vector potential (F) can be expressed as [14] where In (6) and (7), the prime coordinate indicates the equivalent source coordinate and R is the distance between the equivalent source coordinate and observation point. Since, for an aperture or slot antenna, 0, therefore (5) is reduced to While evaluating (8) for the far-zone observation point, R can be approximated by for phase variations and r for amplitude variations, where = position vector of source coordinate