China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
For all future hydro power plants located underground the new high-voltage generator Powerformer™ is expected to be the most supreme alternative
Published in Bjørn Honningsvåg, Grethe Holm Midttømme, Kjell Repp, Kjetil Arne Vaskinn, Trond Westeren, Hydropower in the New Millennium, 2020
Since its introduction in the late 19th century the rotating machine for generation of electric power has looked virtually the same. In the traditional design, an increase in the power rating of the generator is achieved by a corresponding increase in the current level while the voltage level usually is fixed, e.g. 13.8 kV. In order to maximize the current carrying capacity, the conductor portion of the armature slot cross-sectional area has to be maximized. The conventional generator design is based on rectangular armature slots and conductor bars and the maximum output voltage is limited to the order of 25–30 kV. Electric power transmission, however, is normally held at voltage levels of several hundred kilovolts. As a result, a power plant based on a conventional generator most often requires a step-up transformer.
The Ingenious Engineering of the Smart Grid
Published in Rocky Dr. Termanini, The Nano Age of Digital Immunity Infrastructure Fundamentals and Applications, 2018
An electrical grid is an interconnected network for delivering electricity from producers to consumers. It consists of generating stations that produce electrical power, high-voltage transmission lines that carry power from distant sources to demand centers, and distribution lines that connect individual customers. Power stations may be located near a fuel source or at a dam site, or take advantage of renewable energy sources, and are often located away from heavily populated areas. They are usually quite large to take advantage of the economies of scale. The electric power that is generated is stepped up to a higher voltage at which it connects to the electric power transmission network. The bulk power transmission network will move the power long distances, sometimes across international boundaries, until it reaches its wholesale customer (usually the company that owns the local electric power distribution network). On arrival at a substation, the power will be stepped down from a transmission level voltage to a distribution level voltage. As it exits the substation, it enters the distribution wiring. Finally, upon arrival at the service location, the power is stepped down again from the distribution voltage to the required service voltage(s). Electrical grids vary in size from covering a single building through national grids that cover whole countries, to transnational grids that can cross continents.
Electric Machines and Power Systems
Published in Mohd Hasan Ali, Wind Energy Systems, 2017
Electric power transmission, a process in the delivery of electricity to consumers, is the bulk transfer of electrical power. The transmission system interconnects all major generating stations and main load centers in the system. It forms the backbone of the integrated power system and operates at the highest voltage levels (typically, 230 kV and above). The generator voltages are usually in the range of 11 to 35 kV. These are stepped up to the transmission voltage level, and power is transmitted to transmission substations where the voltages are stepped down to the subtransmission level (typically, 69 kV to 138 kV). The generation and subtransmission subsystems are often referred to as the bulk power system. Capacitor banks and reactor banks are usually installed in the substations for maintaining the transmission line voltage. The elementary diagram of a transmission system is shown in Figure 3.13.
A New Static Synchronous Series Compensator Control Strategy Based on RBF Neuro-Sliding Mode Technique for Power Flow Control and DC Voltage Regulation
Published in Electric Power Components and Systems, 2018
Lionel Leroy Sonfack, Godpromesse Kenné, Andrew Muluh Fombu
The contributions of this paper can be summarized as follows: A new hybrid approach which combines RBF neural network with the sliding mode technique to design an SSSC controller for power flow control and DC voltage regulation of an electric power transmission system with unknown bounds of system uncertainty and disturbances is proposed.The solution presented here does not need the knowledge of the perturbation bounds, neither the knowledge of the full state of the nonlinear system (as opposed to existing methods based on RBF neural networks). The bounds of the nonlinear functions are assumed to be unknown and the proposed RBF structure uses reduced number of hidden units.The proposed neuro-sliding mode controller does not need off-line training to get its optimal weights parameters, and the convergence of the proposed controller does not require high number of hidden units.Numerical simulations to test and compare the performance of the new RBF neuro-sliding mode control scheme during a step change with and without online variation of parameters with another neural network control, are also presented to show the performance of the proposed method.The small transient period obtained during simulations demonstrates that the proposed controller is suitable for practical implementation.
Design of decision-making support system in power grid dispatch control based on the forecasting of energy consumption
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2022
Natalya Kalantayevskaya, Kairat Koshekov, Sergey Latypov, Alexey Savostin, Kunelbayev Murat
The recommendations for dispatch control provided by the decision support tool make it possible to enhance reliability of power supply and reduce the loss of network voltage, which will enhance the quality of electric energy and beside that have an economic effect allowing for reducing the cost value of electric power transmission.
Dynamism of Parasite Capacitance of AC Electric Traction Line Inside the Railway Tunnels
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2022
Ravi Kumaran Nair.C, Devender Kumar Saini, M. Jayaraju
Parameters of high voltage ac electric power railway traction and metro traction line are analogous to a short length ac power transmission line. A short electric power transmission line shall generally have the length less than 80 km, and working voltage shall be 66 kV or lesser [15,16,18,19].