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Body Systems
Published in Dorin O. Neacşu, Automotive Power Systems, 2020
1990–2000: Advent of embedded units.Multiple microprocessor-based systems are used to control the operation of small motors, under the generic name of electronic control unit (ECU). Possible ECU are door control unit, engine control unit, electric power steering control unit, human-machine interface, powertrain control module, transmission control unit, or powertrain control module, seat control unit, speed control unit, telematic control unit, transmission control unit, brake control module (ABS or ESC), and battery management system.
Chassis systems
Published in Tom Denton, Automobile Mechanical and Electrical Systems, 2018
The hydraulic unit puts the ECU’s commands into effect and regulates the pressure in the individual wheel brake cylinders by means of solenoid valves. It is in the engine compartment between the brake master cylinder and the wheel brake cylinders, so that the hydraulic lines to the brake master cylinder and the wheel brake cylinders can be kept short. The hydraulic unit has input and output solenoid valves for controlling the pressure in the individual wheel brakes. The ECU takes over all electrical and electronic tasks as well as the control functions of the system.
Common features of vehicle systems
Published in Allan W. M. Bonnick, Vehide Electronic Systems and Fault Diagnosis, 2014
The electronic control unit in a vehicle system may be called an ECU, an ECM (engine control module), a controller, a microprocessor or some other name. To a large extent, it depends on the system in which the device is used as a controller, and the make and age of the vehicle to which it is fitted. However, for the current purpose, I shall use the term electronic control unit (ECU), and work on the principle that it contains a microprocessor (or equivalent) and that the microprocessor operates on computing (digital) principles.
Changes in container shipping industry: Autonomous ship, environmental regulation, and reshoring
Published in Journal of International Maritime Safety, Environmental Affairs, and Shipping, 2019
Junkeon Ahn, Tae-Hwan Joung, Seong-Gil Kang, Jongkap Lee
Ship automation is the foundation for autonomous containerships. Automation requires a large number of electrical and electronic elements for ship navigation, oceanic meteorology, telecommunication, traffic control, electronic nautical charts, and interconnected networks of on-board systems. A group of these electrical and electronic elements is called an ECU (electronic control unit). Along with the introduction of an electric propulsion system and advancement of operation and control, the ships will be more electrified and digitized than ships are currently. Figure 1 illustrates a vision of an autonomous containership that communicates with a satellite for navigation and collects shipping information via ECUs as well as electronic sensors. Shipping information, including weather conditions, service speed, ballast water level, fuel consumption, longitudinal strength of the hull, equipment conditions, and machinery vibration frequency, will gradually be generated from gigabytes to hundreds of zettabytes; this becomes big data that enables AI-based autonomous shipping. In addition, deep-learning-based ship design will be possible using big data.
Design of light weight exact discrete event system diagnosers using measurement limitation: case study of electronic fuel injection system
Published in International Journal of Systems Science, 2018
Piyoosh Purushothaman Nair, Santosh Biswas, Arnab Sarkar
Air enters into the intake manifold through the air cleaner, throttle body and air intake chamber of the ‘ Air Flow Subsystem’. The amount of air entering into the engine can be controlled by adjusting the position of the throttle valve present in the throttle body. This varying air intake volume can be measured by monitoring the pressure in the intake manifold. Fuel is pumped from the tank to the injector through the fuel filter and rail by an electric fuel pump which is controlled by a fuel pump relay (see the block named ‘Fuel Flow Subsystem’ shown in Figure 2). The pressure regulator located at the fuel rail maintains a constant fuel pressure across the fuel injector. The injector injects the fuel into the intake manifold where it is mixed with air and the resulting mixture flows into the engine cylinders for burning. The Electronic Control Unit (ECU) is responsible for monitoring and controlling different engine functions by taking as input, information from various sensors located at different parts of the engine. ECU determines the right ratio for the air-fuel mixture based on the engine's RPM and the volume of air in the intake manifold. It then signals the injector to deliver the correct fuel quantity. The block named ‘ Air-Fuel Ratio Control Subsystem’ shown in Figure 2 depicts this control behaviour of the ECU.