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Load Characteristics
Published in Anthony J. Pansini, Electrical Distribution Engineering, 2020
The diversity factor is the ratio of the sum of maximum demands of each of the component loads to the maximum demand of the load as a whole (or the coincident maximum demand). For example, each of the loads mentioned above may have a maximum demand of 100 kW, while the coincident maximum demand on the system supplying the three may be only 150 kW. The diversity factor is then 300 (100 + 100 + 100) divided by 150, or 2, or 200 percent. Such diversity exists between consumers, between transformers, and between feeders, substations, etc. Note that the demand factor is denned so that it is always less than 1 or 100 percent, while the diversity factor is the reciprocal of the demand factor and is always greater than 1 or 100 percent. This is a most important factor in the economical planning and design of distribution facilities.
The Electricity at Work Regulations 1989
Published in John M. Madden, Electrical Safety and the Law, 2017
One element of cable sizing that is sometimes overlooked is the concept of diversity, which considers the probability of a number of electrical loads all being on at the same time. In reality, there are many situations and installations in which it is unlikely that all the loads will be on at the same time. In these circumstances, a diversity factor can be applied to loads such as ovens and lighting, especially in domestic installations, that allows for smaller cables to be specified than would be the case if all the loads were arithmetically summed and the cables sized on the result. A good source of guidance on diversity factors for low voltage installations is the IET’s On Site Guide to BS 7671.
Load Flow—Fundamental Concepts
Published in J.C. Das, Power Systems Handbook: Load Flow Optimization and Optimal Power Flow, 2018
Diversity factor is the ratio of the sums of the maximum demands of various consumers or subdivisions of a system or the part of a system to the maximum demand of the whole or part of the system under consideration: DF=∑dD
Adaptation and validation of an existing bottom-up model for simulating temporal and inter-dwelling variations of residential appliance and lighting demands
Published in Journal of Building Performance Simulation, 2018
A.D. Wills, I. Beausoleil-Morrison, V.I. Ugursal
Richardson et al. (2010) also used the diversity factor and ADMD to analyse the modelled load diversity. The reciprocal of the diversity factor is often referred to as the ‘load factor’, . This factor represents the ratio of the total energy demand during period [h], and the peak power demand over the same period multiplied by , shown in Equation (3): where [kWh] is the electrical energy consumed over period , and [kW] is the peak load for . The values of can vary between zero and one. At , the load is relatively constant over period , whereas a would indicate widely varying electrical load (Short 2003). The daily values, , were determined for each modelled and measured profile, and for each day of the year. To calculate , both modelled and measured profiles were smoothed using a simple moving average at a 15-minute interval. Weekday and weekend values for all days and profiles were aggregated separately for the measured and modelled sets, and the range of values are illustrated using box and whisker plots in Figure 7.