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Load Characteristics
Published in Anthony J. Pansini, Electrical Distribution Engineering, 2020
The load factor is a characteristic related to the demand factor, expressing the ratio of the average load or demand for a period of time (say a day) to the maximum demand (say 60 min) during that period. For example, a consumer household may have a maximum demand of 2 kW during the evening when many of its lights, the TV, the dishwasher, and other appliances are in use. During the 24-h period, the energy consumed may be 12 kWh; thus the average demand or load is 12 kWh divided by 24 h, or 0.5 kW, and the load factor in this case is 0.5 kW divided by 2 kW, or 25 percent. This provides a means of estimating particular consumers’ maximum demand if both their consumption and a typical load factor for their kind of load are known.
Basic Electric Power Utilization: Loads, Load Characterization and Load Modeling
Published in Leonard L. Grigsby, and Distribution: The Electric Power Engineering Handbook, 2018
Demand factor—Demand factor is a ratio of the maximum demand to the total connected load of a system or the part of the system under consideration. Demand factor is often used to express the expected diversity of individual loads within a facility prior to construction. Use of demand factors allows facility power system equipment to be sized appropriately for the expected loads (National Electric Code, 1996). (
Smart load management for a stand-alone wind-solar hybrid system
Published in International Journal of Ambient Energy, 2022
Khawla Belamfedel Alaoui, Ismail Boumhidi
The demand factor is taken as a time independent quantity where the numerator is taken as the maximum demand in the specified time period instead of the averaged or instantaneous demand.