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Programmable Delay for Nanodevices
Published in Cherry Bhargava, Amit Sachdeva, Nanotechnology, 2020
All three kinds of delay lines were designed namely: voltage-controlled, digitally controlled, and hybrid delay line. The delay can be controlled by a single DC voltage, or with the help of multiple binary bits of data. In this chapter, the inverter-based delay and buffer-based delay line have uses as an inverter and buffer or as a basic delay unit, respectively. In the inverter-based delay lines, a minimum delay in the transition of the 50% output level from the 50% input level is offered. The total delay in the circuit is not only due to the delay of the not gates but also includes the delay offered by the interconnect and wires during the transmission of the input to the output. The voltage-controlled delay line (VCDL) is an integral component of the DLL. The main objective of DLL-circuit synchronization of other peripheral available onto the circuit. Clock synchronization has a vital role in circuit designs with clock referenced to be one of the stable inputs in any circuit originating from a crystal oscillator. The DLL locks the circuit to a stable synchronous state. Un-synchronization into the circuit leads to uncontrolled output, which is disturbing as the functionality of the circuit might fail the purpose of usage.
D
Published in Philip A. Laplante, Comprehensive Dictionary of Electrical Engineering, 2018
delay spread delay spread a measure of the time through which the duration of a transmitted signal is extended by dispersion in a wideband communication channel. Usually measured as the RMS delay spread, i.e., the second moment of the timeaveraged channel impulse response. delay-line a transmission line of the appropriate length to result in a specific time delay. As an example, a line at 100 MHz that is 90 degrees long ( one-quarter wavelength) will exhibit a time delay of 2 ns. delay-locked loop (DLL) (1) a pseudo-noise (PN) sequence tracking loop typically used in receivers for spread spectrum signals. The tracking loop has two branches that correlate the received signal with two shifts of a locally generated PN sequence: an advanced and a retarded time shift of the phase of the signal being tracked. (2) a technique for symbol synchronization based on time-shifted and reversed correlation functions of the desired symbol waveform, which results in a control function with an s-shape (termed an s-curve). The control function is used in a feedback loop similar to a PLL to adjust the timing of receiver clock used in sampling the received signal. DLLs are used, e.g., in spreadspectrum receivers to maintain chip synchronization. delayed AGC trol. See delayed automatic gain conThen the branch takes effect. Used to reduce the branch penalty. delayed neutrons neutrons emitted by fission daughters after some time delay. delta connection a three-phase power source or load in which the elements are connected in series and are thus represented on a schematic diagram as a triangular configuration. delta function given by in discrete-time, the function 1, n = 0 0, n = 0
Mechanical Nanosensors
Published in Vinod Kumar Khanna, Nanosensors, 2021
A delay line is a circuit designed to introduce a calculated delay into the transmission of a signal. An acoustic delay line delays the propagation of a sound wave by circulating it through a liquid or solid medium. SAW delay lines are used as sensitive mass detectors by virtue of changes in SAW velocity.
Ferroelectric, Piezoelectric Mechanism and Applications
Published in Journal of Asian Ceramic Societies, 2022
Arun Singh, Shagun Monga, Neeraj Sharma, K Sreenivas, Ram S. Katiyar
The acoustic wave can be generated in piezoelectric materials by applying an external ac electrical signal. The utmost significant application of ferroelectrics is based on their high coefficients of piezoelectricity. Surface acoustic wave devices use the piezoelectric property of the ferroelectric films. A delay line is a device, which causes the output to lag behind the input by a finite delay time. A simple delay line is shown in Figure 13. An Inter Digital Transducer Electrode (IDT) transforms the incident electromagnetic wave into a Rayleigh surface acoustic wave, which propagates on the piezoelectric crystal/film surface. After the required delay, another transducer at the output reconverts the acoustic wave back into an electromagnetic signal [40,41]. In layered structures, there exists more than one way of locating the IDTs on the piezoelectric surface as shown in Figure 14. For an AO device, a thin film layer that can be utilized as a waveguide medium is required. This waveguide layer itself can be piezoelectric in nature so as to generate surface acoustic wave, or another piezoelectric layer is required to generate SAW. The configuration of such an AO device is illustrated in Figure 15.
Energy-efficient CMOS delay line with self-supply modulation for low-power SAR ADCs
Published in International Journal of Electronics, 2020
Dmitry Osipov, Heiner Lange, Steffen Paul
Delay lines are necessary support circuits in many digital and mixed-signal applications. They are often used in the asynchronous control logic of SAR ADCs, for example. The delay line becomes particularly important in low-speed, energy-efficient SAR ADCs, such as the ADCs proposed by Chang, Al-Ashmouny and Yoon (2011) and Tang, Sun, Chew and Siek (2014). During the first conversion cycles, larger capacitors are generally charged or discharged, and the generated delays achieve several nanoseconds. This results in high power consumption of the delay line comparable with the power consumption of the whole control logic.