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A Case Study on the Smart Streetlighting Solution Based on 6LoWPAN
Published in Mohammad Ayoub Khan, Internet of Things, 2022
Manoj Kumar, Prashant Pandey, Salil Jain
Here, we describe the software implementation details of the solar smart streetlight solution installed in the premise of STMicroelectronics. There are 40 light nodes installed in a designated parking area controlled by a DCU that further connects to a simple CMS specifically developed for the purpose. The wireless communication between the light nodes and DCU uses 6LoWPAN mesh technology. The system works in the 865–867 MHz frequency band which is within the designated ISM frequencies in India (TEC, 2017). The solution described here uses 6LoWPAN over sub-GHz, given that it is open source and stable. Furthermore, it is supported natively in Linux kernel, and OS like Contiki uses it as a primary network stack (Yang & Chang, 2019). The network has a mesh topology, so that any node can talk to DCU through another node.
Open-Source Tools for IoT Security
Published in Syed Rameem Zahra, Mohammad Ahsan Chishti, Security and Privacy in the Internet of Things, 2020
Anam Iqbal, Mohammad Ahsan Chishti
Contiki is an open-source lightweight operating system used in the IoT. It is distributed using the 3-clause BSD-style license. It uses C language for development, libraries, and tool-chains and can run on devices such as ARM-powered devices. It supports network stacks like uIP, world’s smallest IPv6 stack (IPv6, 6TiSCH, and CoAP) and Rime Stack which includes TCP, UDP and HTTP protocols, with the smallest footprint. MAC is implemented through Rime, and the upper-level implements IPv6. It is most suitable for event-driven systems, and event-scheduling is done as per cooperative scheduling. It provides dynamic loading and unloading of individual programs and services. The kernel is monolithic and supports pseudo-threading. The implementation of protothreads has been introduced to minimize the system requirements, as they avoid the overhead generally, created by multithreading. Contiki does not provide a Memory Protection Unit, but a provision of changing the memory requirements during run time is available. Contiki provides persistent storage support through the Coffee Flash file system. It is a suitable choice for high-constrained devices due to its low memory and a low energy requirement. The simulator used with Contiki is Cooja (Musadiq et al., 2018; Bansal and Kumar, 2020).
The Contiki Operating System: A Tool for Design and Development of IoT—Case Study Analysis
Published in Ricardo Armentano, Robin Singh Bhadoria, Parag Chatterjee, Ganesh Chandra Deka, The Internet of Things, 2017
B. Venkatalakshmi, A. Pravin Renold, S. Vijayakumar
The Contiki operating system (OS) is an open-source OS specially designed for Internet of Things (IoT). It supports Internet connectivity to monitor and control the low cost and resource-constrained embedded devices. The Contiki OS is based on an event-driven kernel that supports multithreading. It supports a micro-transmission control protocol/ internet protocol (TCP/IP) stack for IoT and Rime communication stack for wireless sensor networks. The Contiki OS is designed using the C language. The advantage of uIP (micro IP) is to provide TCP/IP protocol suite even for resource constrained 8-bit micro-controllers. As the embedded device able to run TCP/IP makes it suitable to connect to Internet. The uIP has minimal features needed for a full TCP/IP stack. The main control function of uIP does the following activities repeatedly: Check for the arrival of packet from the networkCheck for the periodic timeout
A Novel Hybrid Medical Data Compression Using Huffman Coding and LZW in IoT
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2022
Hossein Mohammadi, Abdulbaghi Ghaderzadeh, Amir Sheikh Ahmadi
A large number of data generated by IoT are used by the data fusion process to improve the QoS requested by the user. The data fusion systems usually collect and integrate data from different sensor nodes to achieve a better data quality (accuracy, precision or global view). For WSN, based on the cluster tree topology, data transmission among the nodes and the middle data fusion node (DFN) depend on channel access, which is usually managed by the Carrier-Sens Multiple Access with Collision (CSMA/CA) protocol. Achroufene et al. [21] presented a modified CSMA/CA to respond to real-time data fusion necessities of WSNs and, in particular, to ensure better management of the transmission channel that considers the transmission time delay, reprograms transmission dynamically and discards the data packets that are programmed beyond the predetermined time-delay, thus freeing up the channel to the benefit of other nodes. Also, before continuing the process, it optimizes the probability of receiving data from each node at a specific time delay by fusion at the DFN level. The proposed approach is implemented using Contiki OS. Its purpose is to collect data from all nodes at a specific time delay. The simulation and experiment results show that the data received at the specific time delay reduces collision and saves energy in WSNs.
OF-FZ: An Optimized Objective Function for the Ipv6 Routing Protocol for LLNs
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2021
Sonia Kuwelkar, Hassanali Gulamali Virani
Contiki is an Operating system designed for the constrained sensor devices to be used in IoT applications. Contiki provides multitasking flexibility, has a built-in TCP/IP stack and requires around 10 KB of RAM and 30 KB of ROM. RPL is the standard routing protocol in Contiki. To improvise RPL, the proposed objective function has to be implemented into Contiki. In this section, we describe in brief the steps followed in this regard. A new implementation file of the fuzzy-based Objective function OF-FZ is created in core/net/rpl folder.
A Scalable Key Pre-distribution Scheme based on the Unital Design for the Internet of Things Security
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2023
V. Chegeni, H. Haj Seyyed Javadi, M.R. Moazami Goudarzi, A. Rezakhani
The simulation was developed on the Contiki Operating System. Contiki has been created to run on types of hardware devices that are severely limited in terms of memory, processing power, and communication bandwidth. There is a network simulator called Cooja in every Contiki system which simulates networks of nodes in that system.