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Activities for Supporting Work Ability of Ageing Workers
Published in Joanna Bugajska, Teresa Makowiec-Dąbrowska, Tomasz Kostka, Individual and Occupational Determinants, 2020
Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is an interesting portable method to nutritional status assessment using electrical resistance. It involves measurement of impedance (total electrical resistance of the body) and takes advantage of the fact that individual tissues, due to varying water content, conduct electric current in a different way. The measurement is made using a set of body surface electrodes (the number of electrodes can be different) connected to the computer. The method enables assessment of a number of parameters, including FM, LBM, fat-free mass (FFM), the amount of water (i.e. total body water or TBW), intracellular water (ICW), extracellular water (ECW), body cell mass (BCM) and other parameters. It is a reliable, fast, secure, non-invasive, low-cost and reproducible approach to the analysis of body composition. It can be used in patients of all ages (children, adults and older people), both men and women, in healthy subjects and patients with chronic diseases (diabetes, hypertension, obesity, malnutrition). It is also recommended by the EWGSOP (European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People) as the method used in clinical practice for muscle mass assessment.
Cellular Biology in Tissue Engineering
Published in Joseph W. Freeman, Debabrata Banerjee, Building Tissues, 2018
Joseph W. Freeman, Debabrata Banerjee
One of the greatest wonders of the body is the existence of its own personal electric field. By now, it is well accepted that cells in our body relay messages using electric impulses. Researchers have sought to investigate the topic of human electricity and how it can be applied to regenerative medicine. After extensive studies, it has been discovered that bioelectricity is inherent in wound healing. When an injury occurs, an electric field is generated. This electric field acts as a chaperone, which guides cells to the site of the wound. If the electric field is compromised, the wound would fail to heal properly. Moreover, the electrical resistivity of tissues varies frequently because the variation in tissue composition, such as tissue type, density, permeability, and electrolyte concentration. These factors combined are measured through a procedure known as the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). The BIA is important because it can analyze if there are any electrical imbalances that are because of some form of nutritional or metabolic disorder. This process is great for soft tissue but remains difficult for bone tissue because of the composite material that it is made from. However, electrical measurements can still be used as excellent tools for diagnosing bone grafts during joint replacement surgery.
Cellular Level Water Distribution and Its Investigation Techniques
Published in M. Azharul Karim, Chung-Lim Law, Intermittent and Nonstationary Drying Technologies, 2017
Chung-Lim Law, Md. Imran H. Khan, R. Mark Wellard, Md. Mahiuddin, M. Azharul Karim
Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a very simple and established technique for measuring body composition. It measures the resistance of tissues to the flow of electrical current. The proportion of different components in tissue can be calculated as the current flows more easily through the parts of the material that are composed mostly of water. Using this method many researchers have examined the morphological behaviour in different biological tissues, for instance, the level of injury due to freeze–thaw cycles in potato (Zhang et al. 1990), estimating the extent of bruising in apples (Cox et al. 1993), assessing the maturity of nectarine (Dejmek and Miyawaki 2002) and examining the effect of drying and freezing–thawing treatments on eggplants, tubers and carrot roots (Wu et al. 2008).
Effect of muscle distribution on lung function in young adults
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2022
Wenbo Shu, Mengchi Chen, Zhengyi Xie, Liqian Huang, Binbin Huang, Peng Liu
BIA (bioelectrical impedance analysis) was used to measure impedance, which is the electrical resistance comprising the resistance and reactance of the tissues through which a low electric current (≤1 mA) is passed. The phenomenon of resistance is related to the specific resistance of individual tissues, while reactance is mainly caused by the electric capacity of cell membranes, which, due to their structure, act as capacitors. Adipose tissue has a low water content and, therefore, is more resistant to an electrical signal, while muscle tissue has a high water content and, thus, conducts electricity with less resistance. The analyzers could be classified basing on the used electrical current frequency into multi-frequency (MF-BIA) and single-frequency (SF-BIA) analyzers. MF-BIA used different frequencies (0, 1, 5, 50, 100, 200 to 500 kHz) to evaluate different body compartments. For the estimation of body composition, frequencies ≥50 kHz had been used (Kyle et al. 2004).
Usefulness of raw bioelectrical impedance parameters in tracking fluid shifts in judo athletes
Published in European Journal of Sport Science, 2020
Analiza M. Silva, Catarina L. Nunes, Catarina N. Matias, Paulo M. Rocha, Cláudia S. Minderico, Steven B. Heymsfield, Henry Lukaski, Luís B. Sardinha
Although the importance of assessing hydration is well recognized, traditional laboratory methods are unfeasible or lack sensitivity to be useful in physiological and clinical conditions. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is an inexpensive, safe, non-invasive, and reliable method to measure passive electrical characteristics of living organisms (Lukaski, Kyle, & Kondrup, 2017). Body fluid estimation using BIA is based on the inverse relation between body resistance and the total amount of body water (Lukaski, Johnson, Bolonchuk, & Lykken, 1985). The BIA method utilizes the components of impedance, that is resistance, which is the opposition to the flow of an alternating current through intra and extracellular ionic solutions, and reactance, which is the delay in the passage of current through the cell membranes and tissue interfaces (Van Der Aa Kuhle et al., 2006). Resistance is inversely associated with the fluid content, and reactance indicates cell membrane mass, function and interface. In addition to measuring resistance and reactance, an estimate of the phase angle (PhA) is also provided. PhA represents a measurement of the time delay between the application of voltage and current penetration at the cell membrane and tissue level by a complex electronic circuitry, usually utilizing a phase-sensitive 50-kHz device (Lukaski et al., 2017). Several studies highlighted PhA as a relevant indicator of cellular health, body cell mass, and the integrity of the cell membrane (Lukaski et al., 2017; Matias et al., 2015; Norman, Stobaus, Pirlich, & Bosy-Westphal, 2012).
Bioelectrical impedance analysis as a means of quantifying upper and lower limb asymmetry in youth elite tennis players: An explorative study
Published in European Journal of Sport Science, 2022
Joachim D’Hondt, Laurent Chapelle, Linde Van Droogenbroeck, Dirk Aerenhouts, Peter Clarys, Eva D’Hondt
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) is a convenient low-cost, field-based and non-invasive reliable technique spreading a low, constant and alternating electric current across the body for estimating its composition using portable equipment (Campa, Toselli, Mazzilli, Gobbo, & Coratella, 2021; Norman, Stobaus, Pirlich, & Bosy-Westphal, 2012). Based on the impedance (Ω) measured, BIA allows indirect estimations of various body composition parameters, such as total body water, extracellular water (ECW), fat (free) mass, and lean soft tissue, by means of validated regression equations (Campa et al., 2021). Still, one should be very careful when comparing the output of different types of BIA devices with different technologies resulting in a variety of outcomes, depending on the sampling frequency, the device’s reliability and the standardization of procedures (e.g. calibration, body position, number and placement of electrodes), complicating inter-method comparisons. The more recent and advanced devices allow for the interpretation of raw bioelectrical data, including segmental phase angle (PhA) providing values for the trunk and each of the four separate limbs. This PhA is directly calculated as the arctangent of the ratio between the reactance (Xc) (linked to cell membranes) and the resistance (R) (linked to body fluids) (Baumgartner, Chumlea, & Roche, 1988; Campa et al., 2021), and thus quantifies the amount of applied current penetrating cell membranes (Lukaski, Vega Diaz, Talluri, & Nescolarde, 2019). Accordingly, PhA is an indicator of the number of cells with their respective cell membranes and the related permeability as well as the ratio of intra- and extracellular fluids (Gonzalez, Barbosa-Silva, Bielemann, Gallagher, & Heymsfield, 2016). As such, a higher PhA value indicates a greater total cellular mass, higher values of total body water, lower extracellular/intracellular ratio, and better cell membrane integrity (Francisco et al., 2020; Gonzalez et al., 2016; Norman et al., 2012). Accordingly, in recent years, the BIA-based assessment of PhA has widely been used among both the general population (Campa et al., 2021; Norman et al., 2012) and athletes (Campa et al., 2021; Di Vincenzo, Marra, & Scalfi, 2019).