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A Blockchain-enabled edge supported e-challan mechanism for content-centric Internet of Vehicles
Published in Muhammad Maaz Rehan, Mubashir Husain Rehmani, Blockchain-enabled Fog and Edge Computing, 2020
Ali Nawaz Abbasi, Tashjia Anfal, Muhammad Maaz Rehan
Blockchain [13] was first introduced by S. Nakamoto for cryptocurrency Bitcoin. An immutable and auditable distributed append-only ledger, Blockchain proves itself a trustworthy database. Complex calculations, use of exhaustive consumption of hardware resources, and distributed copies of data have played an important role in the quick rise of Blockchain. Because of these properties, Blockchain has attracted researchers in relevant fields for a tamper-proof and trusted data organisation. A number of verified transactions are accumulated to form a block, and afterward, a HASH is calculated for the block. Each block is linked with the previous block’s HASH, which forms Blockchain.
Role of Artificial Intelligence-Based Technologies in Healthcare to Combat Critical Diseases
Published in Chinmay Chakraborty, Digital Health Transformation with Blockchain and Artificial Intelligence, 2022
AI, DL and ML may aid us in providing optimal treatment, such as facilitating surgeries and early detection of diseases such as cancer. AI will serve as an enormous component in future health technology. Precision medicine, which is unanimously recognized as a much-required innovation in healthcare, is based on this skill. Researchers estimate that AI would ultimately master diagnosis and therapeutic prescriptions, despite early attempts being tough. As AI advances, it will revolutionize how doctors perceive their patients, expand the possibility for diagnosing and curing diseases, lessen healthcare costs, and improve medical treatment in locations where it is limited. It is one of the fastest-growing technologies, and it has grown in prominence as a result of its distinctive features, as per Manpreet Kaur’s article (Kaur et al. 2021). Blockchain is a publicly open database that is distributed across multiple nodes that don’t automatically trust one another with reliably based on AI. As these nodes use an append-only database structure, updated information and transactions could only be added to the blockchain. This type of framework needs enhancing for the credibility of AI and it is broadening its usage among individuals at the global level. Without significant organizational investment, growth potential outcomes may be difficult to come by in the future, but there is a great possibility for progressive development in the AI area of healthcare. As per a recent Accenture analysis, AI applications in the healthcare sector do have the capability to save the United States $150 billion per year by 2026. In the coming years, significant equity financing and equity partnerships are expected, with AI in healthcare investment at record levels of $600 million (Q2′18). Particularly in healthcare, machine learning (ML) would become extremely relevant due to its potency to enhance practitioner and clinician efficiency and standard of healthcare, strengthen patient engagement in their very own care and simplify patient access to medical care, expedite the speed and lower the cost of developing new pharmaceutical therapies, and personalize medical treatments by utilizing a data set.
Development of Blockchain-Based Cryptocurrency
Published in Arun Solanki, Vishal Jain, Loveleen Gaur, Applications of Blockchain and Big Iot Systems, 2023
Deepak Kumar Sharma, Anuj Gupta, Tejas Gupta
The key advantages that Blockchain offers are Immutability, Decentralization, Transparency, and Security. These advantages turned out to be an enormous revolution in data handling or big data and led to the foundation of the first cryptocurrency, i.e., BTC. In BTC, or generally referring, in any Cryptocurrency, the major aim is to take away power from the hands of a single governing agency and distribute it in the hands of users having them trust the technology. Also, the cryptographic nature of storing transactions almost makes it impossible to intercept any transaction without the authorization and authentication of both the parties involved in the transaction. Below are some listed advantages of using blockchain in cryptocurrency: The blockchain mechanism enables authentication without the need to rely on a third party.The data structure empowering the blockchain technology is “append-only.” So, you cannot modify or erase any transaction that occurred in the past.The data ledgers are maintained cryptographically. Also, the current block is dependent upon the completed block adjacent to the current block to complete the process.After the authentication phase, all transactions and data are added to the frame. Both parties in the ledger decide on what is to be appended in the series.The transactions are registered in time order. Therefore, all blocks in the Blockchain ledger are marked with time, that is they are ‘Time Stamped.’The ledger is distributed to all the participants of the Blockchain, thus making it decentralized.The decentralized nature of the blockchain storage mechanism makes sure the data is recoverable easily if the storage at a few nodes gets corrupted.The transactions which occur are transparent. The transaction is viewable by the individuals who are granted authority.The root of any ledger may be traced to its place of origin in the chain.Since different consensus protocols are used to validate the entry, the possibility of duplicate entry or fraud is minimized, and thus, the issue of double-spending is solved.The cryptocurrency companies will pre-set requirements on the Blockchain for the SCs. The automated transfers are only activated when requirements are met.
A conceptual framework for designing blockchain technology enabled supply chains
Published in International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications, 2023
Jaeyoung Oh, Yunsik Choi, Joonhwan In
The database dimension refers to a distributed repository of interlocked transaction data. Each holds the same copied ledger that can be used to directly detect any deletion, manipulation, or distortion of data without appeal to any central authority. A distributed database ensures consistency and transparency owing to the technology’s inherent capacity to make a complete history of transactions visible to all members in their copied ledgers (Kouhizadeh and Sarkis 2018). Such properties allow members to transact directly through peer-to-peer networks without any trust in people—which, again, has traditionally been assured by a central authority—because BT databases are equipped with trust in systems (Kumar, Liu, and Shan 2020). Moreover, an append-only structure guarantees data integrity because the historical record permanently preserves all of the footsteps of actions within the chain (Min 2019), reinforcing data immutability and further building trust in the system.
Evidence-driven model for implementing Blockchain in food supply chains
Published in International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications, 2023
Nam Vu, Abhijeet Ghadge, Michael Bourlakis
To overcome the critical challenges of managing food products, Blockchain has been seen as a potential remedy (Kamilaris, Fonts, and Prenafeta-Boldύ 2019; Zhao et al. 2019). At the core, Blockchain can be understood as a distributed ledger technology. The name of the technology stemmed from the unique mechanism, by which information gets stored and distributed. Transactions and/or information are first bundled into a block, then validated by the majority of participants of the Blockchain network, and, finally, the new block of information is linked to the previously created block by a unique hash number, creating a chain of blocks (Belotti et al. 2019; Kumar, Liu, and Shan 2020). Further, Blockchain is append-only, meaning recorded information cannot be changed, and additional blocks must be created to store new data. Blockchain is decentralised, meaning there is no overseeing party of the ledger; rather, every network member holds an authentic copy of the ledger. These characteristics make Blockchain an effective means of storing and sharing tamper-proof information with high security, integrity, and real-time accessibility (Wamba and Queiroz 2022). Consequently, Blockchain can improve FSCM by facilitating reliable information sharing, increasing trust and accountability of records, and extending the visibility of the supply chain (Tan, Gligor, and Ngah 2020). Thus in FSC, Blockchain has been prominently used to enhance the traceability process, improve the management of food inventory, and communicate information about food provenance and integrity to end consumers (Kamilaris, Fonts, and Prenafeta-Boldύ 2019).