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System Design with Finite and Algorithmic State Machine Approaches
Published in A. Arockia Bazil Raj, FPGA-Based Embedded System Developer's Guide, 2018
Sequential system design using ASM charts is an alternative approach for many applications ranging from simple to highly complicated real-time systems. There are a number of methods to design and realize FSM control units. Simple control units can be designed using the state diagram, also called the state graph, and state/excitation table methods. Complex control units may be designed using algorithmic charts just like flowcharts that are being used in software programs. In this and subsequent sections, we will discuss ASM chart blocks and system design using them. As we have seen in the previous sections, FSM-based digital systems typically consist of control and data path processing modules. The control path is implemented using state machines which can be realized via state graphs. As the control path of the digital system becomes complex, it becomes increasingly difficult to design the control path using the state diagram (graph) technique. The ASM charts technique becomes useful and handy in designing complex and algorithmic circuits. A simple digital system as a combination of the Moore and Mealy FSM models is shown in Figure 6.24a and b. In Figure 6.24a, the digital system is partitioned into two parts as a controller (ASM) to generate the control signals and a controlled architecture or data path processor to process the input and state data. The complete operation of the data path processor is controlled by the ASM controller, which decides the subsequent control operation of the data processor by looking at its status, as specified in the design, for every clock input. In Figure 6.24b, the system produces two outputs; one depends on the input and present state, while the other depends only on the present state; hence, this design has both Moore and Mealy FSM modules [75].
Popular Sequential Circuits
Published in Sajjan G. Shiva, Introduction to Logic Design, 2018
Each ASM block represents the state of the system during one clock- pulse interval. All the operations indicated by the block are performed during that clock-pulse interval, and the system moves to one of the next states indicated by the exit paths of the block. Thus, the ASM chart of (a) is equivalent to the state diagram of (b). Note that the unconditional and conditional operations are not indicated on the state diagram.
Design of sequential logic circuits
Published in T.J. Stonham, Digital Logic Techniques, 2017
When designing large sequential systems with many input and internal states, the state transition diagram approach becomes very cumbersome and complex. An ASM chart provides a simpler block diagram representation of the behaviour of the finite state machine and has many similarities in its structure to the flow charts used in software specification and design. The chart has three components as shown in Fig. 5.20.
A 210-year tree-ring δ18O record in North China and its relationship with large-scale circulations
Published in Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology, 2020
Lu Wang, Yu Liu, Qiang Li, Huiming Song, Qiufang Cai, Changfeng Sun, Congxi Fang, Ruoshi Liu
The ASM contains two sub-systems, namely the EASM and ISM, which dynamically interact with each other (Lau et al., 2000). Modern observation showed that the ISM and associated moisture could penetrate northeastward and influence the precipitation in East Asia (Cheng et al., 2012). And in the north fringe of ASM, it was found that both EASM and ISM could influence the precipitation (Liu, Cai et al., 2019). As demonstrated in Table 2, the δ18OTR record in Baotou generally had stronger correlations with all three ISM indexes than the three EASM indexes, indicating that the ISM had a stronger impact on the δ18OTR record. Besides, Fig. 6d illustrated a significant correlation between the δ18OTR record and the Indian Ocean SST. These results implied that water vapour in Baotou was possibly derived from the Indian Ocean (Baker, Sodemann et al., 2015). In addition, the water vapour flux map from the ground to 300 hPa (Supplementary material, Figure S1) also implied that the water vapour in Baotou was originated from the Indian Ocean during JJA.
Coordinated corrective control for model matching of asynchronous sequential machines
Published in International Journal of Systems Science, 2020
Jung-Min Yang, Dong-Eun Lee, Seong-Jin Park
In this paper, we address the model matching problem of input/state ASMs with state feedback in a novel framework, called coordinated dynamic corrective control. We assume that the state set of the considered ASM is divided into mutually exclusive subsets, termed local state sets, that represent separated components of the machine. In particular, it is impossible for a single corrective controller to observe every state feedback belonging to each separated state set. The motivation for this setting is to characterise large-scale ASMs in which state transitions correspond to sequential activations/deactivations of sub-systems underlying the considered ASM (Sparsø & Furber, 2001).