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Big Data, Cloud, Semantic Web, and Social Network Technologies
Published in Bhavani Thuraisngham, Murat Kantarcioglu, Latifur Khan, Secure Data Science, 2022
Bhavani Thuraisngham, Murat Kantarcioglu, Latifur Khan
As we have stated earlier, at the heart of cloud computing is the notion of a hypervisor or the virtual machine monitor. Hardware virtualization techniques allow multiple operating systems (called guests) to run concurrently on a host computer. These multiple operating systems share virtualized hardware resources. Hypervisor is not a new term; it was first used in the mid-1960s in the IBM 360/65 machines. There are different types of hypervisors; in one type the hypervisor runs on the host hardware and manages the guest operating systems. Both VMware and XEN, which are popular virtual machines, are based on this model. In another model, the hypervisor runs within a conventional operating system environment. Virtual machines are also incorporated into embedded systems and mobile phones. Embedded hypervisors have real-time processing capability. Some details of virtualization are provided in [VIRT].
Building Cloud Networks
Published in John W. Rittinghouse, James F. Ransome, Cloud Computing, 2017
John W. Rittinghouse, James F. Ransome
According to the Xen User Manual,35 the Xen system has multiple layers, the lowest and most privileged of which is Xen itself. Xen can host multiple guest operating systems. Each operating system is run within a secure virtual machine environment known as a domain. In order to make effective use of the available physical CPUs, such domains are scheduled by Xen. Each guest operating system is responsible for managing its own applications. This management includes scheduling each application within the time allotted by Xen to the virtual machine. The primary domain, domain 0, is created automatically when the system boots, and it has special management privileges. Domain 0 builds other domains and manages their virtual devices. Domain 0 also performs administrative tasks such as suspending, resuming, and migrating other virtual machines. Within domain 0, a process called xend is responsible for managing virtual machines and providing access to their consoles.
Virtualization
Published in Sunilkumar Manvi, Gopal K. Shyam, Cloud Computing, 2021
Sunilkumar Manvi, Gopal K. Shyam
Fig. 4.2 shows Xen hypervisor architecture. The Xen hypervisor is the basic abstraction layer of software that sits directly on the hardware below any operating systems. It is responsible for CPU scheduling and memory partitioning of the various virtual machines running on the hardware device. Domain 0, a modified Linux kernel, is a unique virtual machine running on the Xen hypervisor that has special rights to access physical I/O resources as well as interact with the other virtual machines (Domain U: Para Virtual (PV) and Hardware Virtual Machine (HVM) Guests) running on the system. All Xen virtualization environments require Domain 0 to be running before any other virtual machines can be started.
A Container-Based Technique to Improve Virtual Machine Migration in Cloud Computing
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2022
Aditya Bhardwaj, C. Rama Krishna
The Internet is evolving and new technologies to meet the requirements of current and future services are currently under research and development. One of these technologies that have gained tremendous attention to deliver services through the Internet is cloud computing. Virtualization is considered as a key enabler for cloud computing because it allows deploying multiple virtual servers over the same physical server. Cloud computing operators use the hypervisor to implement procedure of virtualization. The most popular hypervisors are Xen, KVM, VMware, and Hyper-V [1,2]. Xen is a hypervisor used for public cloud project and adopted by Rackspace (Rackspace) and Bluemix (IBM). To deploy a private cloud, KVM hypervisor is used and adopted by Amazon Web Services (Amazon), OpenStack project (RedHat, HP, AT&T). VMware and Microsoft use their own hypervisor named VMware (VMware) and Hyper-V (Microsoft) [3,4]. The hypervisor works by dividing the physical machine's hardware resources into multiple isolated execution environments.
Lightweight Intuitive Provenance (LiP) in a distributed computing environment
Published in International Journal of Computers and Applications, 2019
Wolali Ametepe, Changda Wang, Selasi Kwame Ocansey, XiaWei Li
2) Experimental Setup: We have conducted all the experiments, on a cloud server with two sockets: the sockets has 2GHS CPUs, and 4 Intel Xeon. The server is embedded with 500 GB storage, 3.97 GB DDR RAM and 1.001 Mbps wireless connectivity. Linux 2.6.18 as the host OS (operating system) with Xen 3.1.0 installed. We have deployed Eucalyptus VM (virtual memory) for the set up. Every VM uses Linux 5 RedHat, enterprise edition for the experiment as a guest OS.