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Fundamentals of Internet of Things
Published in Bhawana Rudra, Anshul Verma, Shekhar Verma, Bhanu Shrestha, Futuristic Research Trends and Applications of Internet of Things, 2022
Sarthak Srivastava, Anshul Verma, Pradeepika Verma
Wi-Fi (wireless fidelity) is a technology that uses star topology for network formation, having larger range than Bluetooth, through which the computers and other devices can interface with the Internet, create a network, and exchange information in between (through routers). Wi-Fi 6 as the newest of its generation; it provides an enhanced network bandwidth (about 9.6 GBps) and a high throughput data transfer per user even in very congested environments. But, on the other hand, it has always been a less prevalent solution for IoT networks due to its limited coverage and scalability, and also high-power consumption, which makes it less efficiently compatible with battery-operated IoT sensors [36] (Figure 1.11).
Enterprise WLAN Overview
Published in Rihai Wu, Xun Yang, Xia Zhou, Yibo Wang, Enterprise Wireless Local Area Network Architectures and Technologies, 2021
Rihai Wu, Xun Yang, Xia Zhou, Yibo Wang
The year 2018 marked the release of the next-generation Wi-Fi standard, referred to as Wi-Fi 6 and 802.11ax by the Wi-Fi Alliance and IEEE, respectively. This represents another major milestone in the development of Wi-Fi. In that regard, the core value of Wi-Fi 6 is further improvements in capacity, leading indoor wireless communications into the 10-gigabit era. The concurrent performance of multiple users has improved fourfold, ensuring excellent service capabilities in high-density access and heavy-load scenarios.
Cloud VR Terminals
Published in Huaping Xiong, Dawei Li, Kun Huang, Mu Xu, Yin Huang, Lingling Xu, Jianfei Lai, Shengjun Qian, Cloud VR, 2020
Huaping Xiong, Dawei Li, Kun Huang, Mu Xu, Yin Huang, Lingling Xu, Jianfei Lai, Shengjun Qian
Wi-Fi technologies are experiencing upgrades. In October 2018, the Wi-Fi Alliance released Wi-Fi 6, which is based on the 802.11ax standard. Compared with the 802.11ac standard, Wi-Fi 6 has a higher transmission rate and reduced latency and leverages MU-MIMO and OFDMA technologies, enabling optimal concurrent services for multiple devices. However, no VR terminal supported Wi-Fi 6 until 2019. Furthermore, few wireless routers support Wi-Fi 6. VR terminals that support Wi-Fi 6 are expected to enter the market in 2020.
Dodecagon-Shaped Frequency Reconfigurable Antenna Practically Loaded with 3-Delta Structures for ISM Band and Wireless Applications
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2022
Atul Varshney, T. Mary Neebha, Vipul Sharma, J. Grace Jency, A. Diana Andrushia
Numerous frequency reconfigurable antennas based on switching capabilities of PIN-diodes have been designed, developed and tested because of their easy assembly and low economic cost [1,2]. G. Chen et al. presented a CPW fed frequency reconfigurable dual mode, dual-band folded slot antenna for wireless applications without blocking capacitor and difficult bias network requirements [2]. V. V. Reddy designed and analyzed three (1. Minkowski, 2. Half-circled and 3. Koch fractal curves) asymmetrical fractal antennas those are connected with RF GHz diodes to generate circularly polarized radiation [3]. R. K. Singh et al. developed and tested a switchable polarization reconfigurable planar antenna for WLAN/Wi-Fi applications [4]. Fouad Fertas et al. presented a quad band CPW fed monopole slotted compact antenna with switchable frequency for LTE bands, WiMAX, WLAN and X-band satellite communication applications [5]. Nguyen-Trong N. et al. demonstrated a method to control and switch the resonance of the two bands relative tuning ranges of approximately 11% using four varactors along with two DC bias voltages [6]. Youcef B. Chaouche et al. demonstrated a CPW fed dual band frequency-reconfigurable using BAR50-02V double U-shaped CPW fed planar antenna for WLAN/WiMAX application with gain between 2.3 and 3.90dBi and bidirectional radiation pattern [7]. Boukarkar et al. developed a magnetic-dipole frequency-tuned dual-band antenna using a very simple DC bias circuit for WLAN and WiMAX applications [8]. Xiao-Lin Yang et al. presented a frequency tunable compact monopole smart antenna which easily switched from narrowband state to dual-band state using GaAS FET (SKY13298-360LF from Skyworks) switch for WLAN, WiMAX and PCS applications. FET is directly driven by a digital signal of value 3.3 V that obsoletes the need of blocking capacitor and DC bias network [9]. Even though, un-frequency reconfigured antennas are very trendy for wireless WLAN operations [10–14]. J. Kulkarni and C. Sim proposed a very compact, maze shaped multi-band, miniaturized antenna without the use of any extra hardware, costly substrate and lumped elements [14]. MIMO antennas for high speed data rate and reliability are the backbone of future wireless applications. Authors [15,16] demonstrated a high isolation and wide band, 2-port CPW-fed and Flexible/Transparent Connected-Ground MIMO antennas those are useful in 5G NR sub-6 GHz, n77/n78/n79,Wi-Fi-5,V2X/DSRC,Wi-Fi-6 Indian National Satellite System INSAT-C for future wireless [15,16].