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Production
Published in Wanda Grimsgaard, Design and Strategy, 2023
Vector-based graphics are built up mathematically with dots, dashes and curves that can again be filled with colour or combined with effects. The advantage of pure vector graphics is that files become small and can be scaled infinitely without compromising their quality. Therefore, vector-based applications such as Adobe Illustrator are used to develop logos and graphical elements.
Effective data visualization
Published in Tiffany Timbers, Trevor Campbell, Melissa Lee, Data Science, 2022
Tiffany Timbers, Trevor Campbell, Melissa Lee
In Figure 4.29, we also show what the images look like when we zoom in to a rectangle with only 2 data points. You can see why vector graphics formats are so useful: because they’re just based on mathematical formulas, vector graphics can be scaled up to arbitrary sizes. This makes them great for presentation media of all sizes, from papers to posters to billboards.
Introduction to Mobile Multimedia
Published in Amitabh Kumar, Mobile Broadcasting with WiMAX: Principles, Technology, and Applications, 2014
Graphics is an important part of any multimedia content. We are quite familiar with vector graphics, which is preferred over “raster graphics.” In raster graphics, images are represented as bitmaps leading to larger file sizes whereas in vector graphics, the images are represented by mathematical relations, which are computed prior to display. Consequently vector graphics is comprised of files, which are not only much smaller in size, but are also scalable to any screen size without loss of resolution.
The Player Experience and Design Implications of Narrative Games
Published in International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 2023
The earliest video games in the 1970s such as Spacewar, Computer Space, and Pong had very rudimentary graphics and the games’ narrative was very minimal or non-existent due to the limitations of technology during that time. The players usually have a single objective in early video games, which is to gain as many points as possible by controlling the game sprite to move across the screen to hit an objective. In the 1980s, there were some improvements in the technology used to create and play games. For instance, the development of video game display technology such as liquid-crystal display (LCD) for handheld devices enabled visuals to be displayed on portable game sets and was commonly found in Nintendo’s “Game and Watch” series. However, the LCD displays were limited in their functionality as they hold a pre-formed set of visuals to represent the visual data in a set game. This type of display was also limited to smaller screens and simple games. Vector and raster graphics were also commonly used in 1980s video games. Vector graphics used the x, y coordinate system with games and raster graphics provided pixels with a limited spectrum of colours to display the visuals. These technologies allowed the visuals in narrative games during the 1980s to be displayed as two-dimensional pixelated objects and in a restricted range of colours.
Parameter estimation for models of chemical reaction networks from experimental data of reaction rates
Published in International Journal of Control, 2023
Manvel Gasparyan, Arnout Van Messem, Shodhan Rao
A Bézier curve (Bézier & Sioussiou, 1983; Prautzsch et al., 2002) is a parametric curve defined by a set of given control points. It plays a crucial role in a number of research fields, such as computer graphics, user interface design, animation, and vector graphics (see, e.g. Bézier, 1986; Farin, 1993). A Bézier curve is described as a linear combination of Bernstein basis polynomials (Bernšteın, 1912) as follows. For a positive integer N, let be a set of given distinct (control) points. The Bézier curve defined by these points is uniquely expressed as where , , are the Bernstein basis polynomials of degree N. Note that the first and the last control points and are the endpoints of the Bézier curve, i.e. and . However, the curve generally does not pass through the intermediate points , .
Improving planning by integrating spatial data into decision support systems
Published in Journal of Decision Systems, 2019
Tim Schröder, Jutta Geldermann
Spatial data comes in two general formats: vector graphics and raster graphics. The vector graphics format contains three different feature classes: points, lines, and polygons. Points are defined by a pair of coordinates that represent a unique, spatially-referenced location having no extent. Points can be used to depict the location of cities, for example, or connected together into a line to depict roads, rivers, and borders. Lines have length as an attribute. Lines that form a closed loop constitute a polygon, which, in addition to the length attribute (circumference), also has a surface area. Polygons can be used to depict political units, such as districts or countries, or types of land cover, such as, forests or lakes. Each point, line, and polygon is called a feature. Figure 1 contains an exemplary geographic view with four polygons and the corresponding table view with stored attributes for each polygon.