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Blockchain: Technologies for Facilitating Cyber-Physical Security in Smart Built Environment
Published in Ibrahim Yitmen, BIM-enabled Cognitive Computing for Smart Built Environment, 2021
Jong Han Yoon, Xinghua Gao, Pardis Pishdad-Bozorgi
Ashok et al. (2014) revealed the increased security risks in the technical initiatives supporting smart grids (e.g. Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI), Demand Response (DR), Wide-Area Monitoring, Protection and Control Systems (WAMPAC) based on Phasor Measurement Units (PMU), etc.). The article affirmed that AMI and WAMPAC are more vulnerable to cyber attacks because they heavily depend on cyber infrastructure and its data transfer through several communication protocols to utility control centers and consumers. The article focused on the security of the WAMPAC system because cyber attacks on it can easily cause critical damage to people’s lives since the attacks on WAMPAC can impact bulk power system reliability, unlike the attacks on AMI. To protect the Cyber-Physical Security of the WAMPAC system from various coordinated cyber attacks, the article proposed a game-theoretic approach. This approach enables modeling dynamic cyber-attack scenarios, which are useful for obtaining appropriate solution strategies to improve security. However, the article didn’t verify how much the solution strategies obtained from this approach mitigate the impact of cyber attacks. To demonstrate the effectiveness, case studies or simulations are required to implement and analyze.
Selecting the Right Techniques
Published in Karen L. McGraw, Karan Harbison, User-Centered Requirements: The Scenario-Based Engineering Process, 2020
Karen L. McGraw, Karan Harbison
Unfortunately, performers often have trouble defining what they want in a computer system. One technique to fuel requirements identification is to generate scenarios. Scenarios are "stories" or episodes depicting both normal and critical incidents that represent types of problems performers face (McGraw, 1994c). In the early stages of domain analysis, scenarios ease interdisciplinary communication (i.e., between performers in the domain, and computer designers and developers), and enable analysts to quickly identify preliminary system requirements (Hufnagel, Harbison, Doller, Silva, & Mettala, 1994). Later, scenarios help define responsibilities within a thread of execution and become test specifications for the system.
Facets of Complexity in Situated Work
Published in Emily S. Patterson, Janet E. Miller, Macrocognition Metrics and Scenarios, 2018
Emily S. Patterson, Emilie M. Roth, David D. Woods
Scenarios are routinely used to motivate and guide design (Carroll & Rosson, 1990; Rosson & Carroll, 2002). In scenario-based design, scenarios are used to capture and communicate important characteristics of the users, the typical and critical tasks they engage in, the tools they use, and their organizational context. They are also used to communicate the vision of how the new support system is likely to change the user experience and task performance. Software demonstrations often feature scenarios embodied in storyboards as a way to communicate to the potential client the intent of the underlying design concept, how that concept has been implemented in the system, and how users are expected to interact with the system to accomplish their goals. Some have applied variations of this ‘envisioned world’ scenario technique in order to elicit alternative stories from users about how software might be useful in an envisioned setting (Dekker & Woods, 1999; Evenson et al., 2008). In addition, for some design teams, ‘use cases’ (Cockburn, 2001) serve as a communication vehicle for how a software program is intended to meet design requirements in order to foster a shared understanding among disparate stakeholders and facilitate negotiations in cases of conflicting goals.
Scenario-based collision detection using machine learning for highly automated driving systems
Published in Systems Science & Control Engineering, 2023
Marzana Khatun, Rolf Jung, Michael Glaß
Scenario-based testing is a novel technique that has been investigated in recent research projects such as the ENABLE-S3 (Valls et al., 2020), the PEGASUS (Winner et al., 2019) and the VVM (Krebs-Radic & Körtke, 2022). Scenario-based testing in automated driving systems is an efficient approach to not only identify critical situations, but also to support safety assessment and safety argumentation for automated driving systems, including evidence. According to Neurohr, scenario-based testing involves deriving relevant test cases from a manageable set of scenario classes (Neurohr et al., 2020). In addition, Neurohr has also mentioned that automotive testing is defined as the process of planning, preparing, and operating or exercising an item or element to verify that it meets specified requirements, detects anomalies and provides confidence in its behaviour (Neurohr et al., 2020).
The complexity of value of travel time for self-driving vehicles – a morphological analysis
Published in Transportation Planning and Technology, 2021
Maria Nordström, Albin Engholm
Though there are a number of scenario modelling techniques in the literature (Börjeson et al. 2006; Amer, Daim, and Jetter 2013), we have chosen to carry out a morphological analysis as an explorative tool. Developed for scenario modelling in defense planning and used by researchers in the field of futures studies and technological forecasting, it can be used to visualize elements and dimensions to develop raw scenarios for the future (Amer, Daim, and Jetter 2013). In this context, a scenario is defined as a description of a possible state. It is not intended as a prediction of future events, rather the intention is to present a set of alternatives against which different courses of action can be considered. Morphological analysis allows us to showcase the diversity of possible future SDV-mobility concepts by presenting the solution space in which each solution represent one SDV mobility concept.
A dynamic model of water resources management using the scenario analysis technique in downstream of the Zayandehroud basin
Published in International Journal of River Basin Management, 2019
Azadeh Ahmadi, Sayed Ali Ohab-Yazdi, Nima Zadehvakili, Hamid Reza Safavi
One commonly used approach to address such water resources problems is the scenario analysis that models water management policies (Pallottino et al. 2005). It helps decision-makers to understand the long-term water resources conditions in response to various policies as the basis for defining and adopting proper management strategies for future. It allows decision-makers to evaluate alternative visions and policies in terms of their impacts under different conditions. For example, in a study on Chongming Island, a type of scenario analysis was developed to balance the water consumptions and water resources available. In this study, based on economic development, water resources consumptions and environmental support sub-models, four scenarios are designed to assess water resources up to the year 2020. The results of this research show that in the first and second scenario by 2020, the water supply will be 222 million cubic meters while water demands will be 274 and 264 million cubic meters, respectively. Also, the profits from using one unit of water in 2020 is estimated to be 50 euros (Xiong et al. 2012). Scenario analysis is a technical management method to create a view of future conditions to formulate improved decisions (Dong et al. 2013).