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Internet of Things-Compliant Platforms for Inter-Networking Metamaterials
Published in Christos Liaskos, The Internet of Materials, 2020
The Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) is a synchronous serial communication interface specification used for short-distance communication, primarily in embedded systems. SPI is a synchronous, full duplex master-slave-based interface. The data from the master or the slave is synchronized with a separate clock signal generated by the master. Both master and slave can transmit data at the same time. The SPI interface can be either 3-wire or 4-wire. In the 4 wire configuration a Chip Select (CS) signal is used to enable the slave device. SPI supports a multi-slave configuration either by using a dedicated CS signal per slave device or in a daisy chain manner. The design of the SPI protocol supports fast data transmission speeds, full duplex communication, and versatile applications in a variety of embedded systems.
Sensors
Published in Volker Ziemann, A Hands-On Course in Sensors Using the Arduino and Raspberry Pi, 2018
The SPI interface is a synchronous serial communication bus, similar to the I2C bus, but it can operate at much higher speed and is therefore often used for devices that require the continuous transfer of large amounts of data, such as displays or audio equipment. SPI communication requires one master on the bus, a role normally taken by a microcontroller. The sensors are typically slave devices. They need at least six wires to connect: ground and supply voltage, the clock CLK, one line to send information from the master to the slave (MOSI, for master-out slave-in), one line for the reverse direction (MISO for master-in slave-out), and a chip-select line CS to identify the currently active slave. CLK, MISO, and MOSI lines can be shared among many slaves, but each slave requires its individual CS line.
Intelligent Sensor Interfaces and Data Format
Published in Fei Hu, Qi Hao, Intelligent Sensor Networks, 2012
Konstantin Mikhaylov, Joni Jamsa, Mika Luimula, Jouni Tervonen, Ville Autio
The serial peripheral interface (SPI) is a synchronous serial interface that can operate in full duplex mode [11]. The typical method for connection of several SPI slave devices to the master is presented in Figure 3.3e. As the figure shows, the SPI bus utilizes three common lines for all slave devices: clock (SCLK); master output, slave input (MOSI); master input, slave output (MISO); and a separate chip select (CS¯) line for each slave. Therefore, before starting the communication, the SPI master device pulls down the CS¯ line of the required slave device to select it. The SPI specification does not define either any maximum data rate (for existing devices it can reach dozens MHz) or any particular addressing scheme or acknowledgment mechanism.
Investigation of using conductive asphalt concrete with carbon fiber additives in intelligent anti-icing systems
Published in International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 2023
Cahit Gürer, Uğur Fidan, Burak Enis Korkmaz
An intelligent system was developed to engage according to the ambient temperature, humidity, and pavement surface temperature that can be controlled manually via remote computer interface software and a mobile application. Additionally, it is possible to manually control the system by connecting to it via computer interface software and a mobile application. The schematic workflow diagram showing the working method of the system is given in Figure 9. Electrical cables and temperature sensors placed in the conductive concrete pavement layer connect to the roadside control unit. Air sensors on the control unit measure ambient temperature and humidity values. In addition, it is aimed to direct the heat to the upper surface by placing insulation material under the conductive asphalt coating layer. Thus, it is aimed to manage energy more efficiently. The intelligent system prevents ice formation by automatically turning the power supply on and off according to the set ambient temperature, humidity, and coating surface temperature parameters. Various communication protocols were used to provide intersystem communication in the architecture of the developed intelligent system. In the Bluetooth module, UART (universal asynchronous receiver transmitter) is a communication protocol that provides computer–microcontroller or microcontroller–peripheral communication. An SPI (serial peripheral interface) protocol is used in the thermocouple measuring surface temperature. The SPI protocol works as full-duplex, so data exchange occurs simultaneously. An I2C protocol is used in the SHT11 sensor, which measures the ambient temperature and humidity values. I2C is a software protocol that enables communication over two pins (Devreyakan 2019). The workflow diagram of the software in the control unit is shown in Figure 9.
Study on visual machine-learning on the omnidirectional transporting robot
Published in Advanced Robotics, 2020
Adrian Zambrano, Kazuki Abe, Ikumi Suzuki, Theo Combelles, Kenjiro Tadakuma, Riichiro Tadakuma
The DC motors are serially connected via SPI protocol through the IC drivers STK681-332-E that act as slave devices controlled by an Arduino DUE board that acts as the master device. The SPI protocol was implemented considering its advantageous characteristics such as data transmission speeds of up to 10 Mbps and low power consumption.