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Processor Basics – Structure and Function
Published in Pranabananda Chakraborty, Computer Organisation and Architecture, 2020
The addressing mode of the instruction in some computers is specified with a distinct binary code of one or more bits, called the mode field (mod field in Motorola 68000 series), just like the operation code in the instruction format. The value in the mode field determines the type of addressing mode to be employed. Other computers use a single binary code that designates both the operation and the mode of the instruction. Instructions may be defined with a variety of addressing modes, and sometimes, two or more operands with their distinct addressing modes are present in one instruction. The addressing modes ultimately modify the address field of the instruction to generate the effective address (EA) of the operand that precisely signifies either a main memory address/virtual memory address or a register in the system. The actual mapping of a virtual address on to a corresponding physical address, which is not at all visible to the user, is one of the responsibilities of the memory management unit (MMU). However, a few of the most commonly used addressing modes will now be discussed.
Systematic Approach to Deal with Internal Fragmentation and Enhancing Memory Space during COVID-19
Published in Pethuru Raj Chelliah, Usha Sakthivel, Nagarajan Susila, Applied Learning Algorithms for Intelligent IoT, 2021
Mohan Aparna, R. Maheswari, J. V. Thomas Abraham
Memory management plays a significant role for an operating system to function effectively. Initially, when the user intends to move a process from the secondary memory to the main memory, the process moves to the page table. Page table helps in mapping the logical address with the physical address. When a process requests to access the data in the main memory, the operating system stores the mapping of virtual addresses to physical address. The operating system takes the help of Page table to execute this, as it stores the mappings. Each mapping is known as “page table entry”(PTE), which is referred as page number.
Memory Protection Techniques
Published in Ivan Cibrario Bertolotti, Tingting Hu, Embedded Software Development, 2017
Ivan Cibrario Bertolotti, Tingting Hu
This is possible because, as is shown in Figure 15.1 B, the MMU is located on the address path between the processor and the on-chip interconnection system, and hence, it has visibility of all addresses issued by the processor itself. Thus, one primary goal of a MMU is to implement virtual to physical address translation, or mapping as it is sometimes called, V → P.
A Hardware-Based Memory-Efficient Solution for Pair-Wise Compact Sequence Alignment
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2023
Ardhendu Sarkar, Surajeet Ghosh, Sanchita Saha Ray
A simple schematic diagram of hardware implementation of direction matrix based sequence alignment has been depicted in Figure 3. Fundamentally, the proposed hardware architecture is built around three main components, namely, direction pointer generator (DPG), effective memory address (EMA) generator (EMAG), and a fast memory. These components have been integrated using static random access memory (SRAM) and primitive digital logic circuits. The DPG produces pointing values those are stored in the memory at addresses supplied by EMAG unit. Following subsections describe the generation of direction pointing values, logical to physical address translation using EMAG, and finally an alignment co-processor for alignment of sequences.