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Advanced Wireless Solutions (Case Studies on Application Scenarios)
Published in Abid Hussain, Garima Tyagi, Sheng-Lung Peng, IoT and AI Technologies for Sustainable Living, 2023
Wireless networks can be categorized into different types depending on the area that is covered by the network. It can be a personal area network (PAN), local area network (LAN), ad hoc network, metropolitan area network (MAN), wide area network (WAN), mobile network, and space network. Wireless PAN network implementations are used for small-area communication. Bluetooth and infrared light waves are used for wireless PAN communication. TV remote and connecting wireless headphones with laptop and mobile are an example of a PAN. Wireless LAN (WLAN) network is used to connect two or more devices within the local area. It uses IEEE 802.11 standard for connectivity. It is used to connect two or more buildings within organizations. The router that connects the rooms of the home is an example of the LAN network. The wireless MAN (WMAN) network connects different LAN networks and follows the IEEE 802.16 standard (Noel et al., 2017). The wireless WAN network is used to cover large areas like providing connectivity between different cities and branches of a company located in different cities. Parabolic dishes, access points, base station gateways, and microwave signals are used. The mobile network also called a cellular network uses different radio frequencies for different land areas called cells. Each cell uses its own radio frequency to prevent interference with its neighbors. It provides large geographic area coverage when different frequency cells are joined. Space network provides connectivity among the spacecrafts and is used by NASA.
IEEE 802.15.7: Visible Light Communication Standard
Published in Zabih Ghassemlooy, Luis Nero Alves, Stanislav Zvánovec, Mohammad-Ali Khalighi, Visible Light Communications, 2017
Murat Uysal, Çağatay Edemen, Tunçer Baykaş, Elham Sarbazi, Parvaneh Shams, H. Fatih Ugurdag, Hasari Celebi
A personal area network (PAN) is the connection of information technology devices within a short distance. IEEE Standard 802.15.7 defines visible light communication personal area network (VPAN) as its network type. In a VPAN, a coordinator is responsible for starting and maintaining a network. The coordinator also assigns new devices to an existing VPAN. Three different network topologies, namely peer-to-peer, star, and broadcast, are introduced for VPANs, as shown in Figure 5.1.
Heterogeneous Wireless Network for IoT Applications
Published in IETE Technical Review, 2019
Sagar Shriram Salwe, Karamtot Krishna Naik
In mobile communication, exploitation of various types of wireless standards takes place independently. The classification of these networks is based on range, data rate and power level of operation. On the basis of range, networks are divided into Personal Area Network (PAN), Local Area Network (LAN), and Wide Area Network (WAN). PAN includes the Bluetooth, ZigBee networks which operate with low data rate and limited range of operation. The LAN includes Wi-Fi network; compared to PAN, it will cover the long distance with high data rate. WAN includes the GSM, CDMA, and Wi-Max network which extends operation over several kilometres, and is referred to as infrastructure-based network [1,2]. The range-wise distribution of Internet of Things (IoT)-based technologies and networks is observed in Figure 1.