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Neutron Optics: Fundamentals
Published in Maria L. Calvo, Ramón Fernandez Álvarez-Estrada, Advances in Neutron Optics, 2019
Ramón F. Álvarez-Estrada, Maria L. Calvo
Slow neutrons can penetrate into various materials, without being absorbed appreciably along a certain limited depth and without producing significant modifications in the former. In comparison with slow neutrons, and on the opposite side, X-rays turn out to be more strongly absorbed and rather destructive. See Subsection 1.7.4. Then, that (relatively) nondestructive character of slow neutrons makes them quite convenient for (i) the experimental study of several properties and behaviors of biological matter, (ii) the determination of the composition of small samples of certain materials without producing appreciable damage in them (neutron activation analysis), (iii) the processes of making images of objects with neutrons (neutron imaging), which refer to a collection of nondestructive testing methods, exploiting the penetration and attenuation properties of neutrons to investigate the internal structure of the imaged objects. See Figure 3.2. Chapter 4 is devoted to neutron imaging.
Neutron Radiography Scattering in Food Processing
Published in Azharul Karim, Sabrina Fawzia, Mohammad Mahbubur Rahman, Advanced Micro-Level Experimental Techniques for Food Drying and Processing Applications, 2021
Azharul Karim, Sabrina Fawzia, Mohammad Mahbubur Rahman
It can be noted that tomography efficiency (in terms of spatial resolution, temporal resolution and measurement of noise) is entirely dependent on noise in the collected data [4]. Another important aspect of the combined instrument is the ability to conduct X-ray absorption imaging, which takes advantage of the high complementarity of these two techniques, as seen in Figure 9.2. As illustrated in several articles, neutron imaging has a wide variety of applications ranging from green energy to biology and palaeontology to porous media.
Water Migration and Swelling in Engineered Barrier Materials for Radioactive Waste Disposal
Published in Nuclear Technology, 2021
Joanna McFarlane, Lawrence M. Anovitz, Michael C. Cheshire, Victoria H. DiStefano, Hassina Z. Bilheux, Jean-Christophe Bilheux, Luke L. Daemen, Richard E. Hale, Robert L. Howard, A. Ramirez-Cuesta, Louis J. Santodonato, Markus Bleuel, Daniel S. Hussey, David L. Jacobson, Jacob M. LaManna, Edmund Perfect, Logan M. Qualls
Neutron imaging is an ideal technique for understanding the transport of fluids through porous or fractured media because it can be used to quantitatively monitor movement of hydrogen-rich fluids through porous materials to determine of the rate and pattern of infiltration in real time.16–19 This is possible because the large neutron cross section of hydrogen readily attenuates (or blocks) neutrons through incoherent scattering, allowing dynamic imaging of fluid transport. The advantage of this approach for geological materials is that the neutrons penetrate deeply into the sample, thus providing information from the bulk of the material.20 For instance, analysis of the spontaneous imbibition of water into fine-grained granite matrices using dynamic neutron radiography21 has shown that significant transport can occur and be observed in a material with a porosity as low as 0.6% and a permeability of only 10−9 to 10−4 µm2 (Ref. 22).