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Internet Layer
Published in Mário Marques da Silva, Cable and Wireless Networks, 2018
A router is a device that is responsible for performing switching of packets between different networks, or between a network and a network segment. A router normally makes use of different access technologies (data link layer) in different interfaces, which translates in different frame types and maximum payload sizes. The MTU is the largest number of bytes that can be carried in a frame payload.§ Note that the payload length of the data link layer frame is normally variable, depending on the amount of data to transport between two adjacent nodes.
Cybersecurity and Risk
Published in Diego Galar Pascual, Pasquale Daponte, Uday Kumar, Handbook of Industry 4.0 and SMART Systems, 2019
Diego Galar Pascual, Pasquale Daponte, Uday Kumar
A VLAN is a group of network devices, such as servers and other network resources, configured to behave as if they were connected to a single, network segment. In a VLAN, the resources and servers of other users in the network will be invisible to each of the other VLAN members.
Foundations of network monitoring: Definitions and applications
Published in Quality Engineering, 2021
Nathaniel T. Stevens, James D. Wilson, Anne R. Driscoll, Ian McCulloh, George Michailidis, Cecile Paris, Kamran Paynabar, Marcus B. Perry, Mostafa Reisi-Gahrooei, Srijan Sengupta, Ross Sparks
Network monitoring for physical networks usually refers to systematic processes put in place by their owners/administrators to ensure that all its components operate according to operating specifications and the network as a whole fulfills its function. Taking a computer network as an example, its administrator is interested in identifying in a timely manner crashed, frozen or overloaded servers, failing/failed switches and routers, and so forth. The end goal is to intervene to fix failures or initiate preventive maintenance actions. In the longer term, network monitoring can also aid in capacity planning to upgrade the capabilities of the network, by improving the underlying infrastructure (e.g., install new routing software, or higher throughput switches in a computer network) and also expanding the capacity of the edges (e.g., add lanes in a road network segment). On the other hand, network monitoring for other types of networks usually refers to identifying stable patterns in its characteristics and also transient or long-lasting deviations from them, as well as emerging trends. For example, in a network that captures voting patterns amongst legislators, network monitoring may reveal patterns of ideological cohesion of members of both the same political party and across parties, and also realignments over time. At the technical level, network monitoring relies on techniques of outlier, anomaly and change-point detection.