China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Introduction
Published in Yatish T. Shah, Modular Systems for Energy and Fuel Recovery and Conversion, 2019
Recently, Mcfarlane [126] outlines an example for choosing strategies for modular energy system management in uninterrupted power supply (UPS) for data centers. Traditional data center UPS systems have for years used some form of double conversion design, taking AC, change it to DC, which charges the batteries and then reconvert it back to AC. These UPS systems have used rather large “modules” to create high-capacity systems or to obtain “N+1” redundancy. Three 500 kVA UPSs, for example, could be intended to deliver a maximum of 1,000 kVA, so if any one unit fails or is shut down for service, the full design capacity is still available.
Case Study
Published in James Aweya, Designing Switch/Routers, 2023
The advantages of using a Clos architecture in the BigIron RX Series over the traditional switch fabric architectures are summarized as follows:Provides a common switch fabric architecture across the BigIron RX Series as the same SFEs are used on all the four chassis configurations. This provides scalability from the small 4-slot system to the large 32-slot system.Prevents head-of-line (HOL) blocking at any point irrespective of the traffic pattern, type of traffic, or packet size (see discussion on HOL blocking in Chapters 1 and 3 of this volume).Allows optimal utilization of the switch fabric resources at all times. The data striping mechanism ensures that the SFEs are optimally utilized at all times without overloading of any single SFE.Provides intra-SFM redundancy, where any SFM can withstand the failure of some of its SFEs and still continue to operate with the remaining SFEs. This allows the SFM to provide a very high level of redundancy even within itself.Provides enhanced high-availability by supporting SFMs with (N+1) redundancy, allowing the BigIron RX Series to gracefully adapt to the failure of multiple SFEs. Furthermore, because of the presence of multiple SFEs within an SFM, the failure of an SFE does not bring down the entire SFM; provides graceful system degradation in the event of two or more module failures.
Reduced-Parts Uninterruptible Power Supplies
Published in Ali Emadi, Abdolhosein Nasiri, Stoyan B. Bekiarov, Uninterruptible Power Supplies and Active Filters, 2017
Ali Emadi, Abdolhosein Nasiri, Stoyan B. Bekiarov
It should be mentioned that in the proposed design, there is no bypass switch. It was assumed that the proposed low-cost single-phase to three-phase UPS system would be most suitable for applications where a low-cost reliable three-phase power supply was needed in the presence of singlephase power supply only. Hence, it was implicit that there was no option of a redundant three-phase power supply by a bypass switch. If 99.999% availability is required, then the option of the so-called “N+1 redundancy” can be investigated.
Reigning in on Data Center Energy Efficiency
Published in Energy Engineering, 2018
Shrenik Ajmera, Tejas Desai, Frank Morrison
Figure 5 shows an integrated water-side economizer in a variable primary chiller plant with two chillers in an N+1 redundancy configuration. The closed-circuit cooling tower is in series with the chillers on the chilled-water return side. The economizer is designed to operate in conjunction with the mechanical cooling system to help shave, or reduce part of the compressor load. Such an arrangement can provide a significant number of hours of either partial or full economization. This can be especially beneficial compared to running the less efficient air-cooled chiller for supporting data center cooling needs.