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Building Cloud Networks
Published in John W. Rittinghouse, James F. Ransome, Cloud Computing, 2017
John W. Rittinghouse, James F. Ransome
The physical servers and the load balancers may be interconnected by either a -speed local-area network (LAN) or by a geographically dispersed wide-area network (WAN). The load balancers dispatch requests to the different servers and make parallel services of the cluster appear as a virtual service using a single IP address. Scalability of the system is achieved by transparently adding or removing servers (often referred to as nodes) in the cluster. High availability is provided by detecting node or daemon failures and reconfiguring the system dynamically to prevent performance degradation.
Parallel Architectures
Published in Pranabananda Chakraborty, Computer Organisation and Architecture, 2020
Whatever be the hardware configuration and arrangement of the cluster, it requires some specific type of software (specifically OS) so that this form of distributed computing system can cast a single-system image to the user. An operating system that can project this view (single-system image), of course, will be of a special type and will be different for different cluster architectures, and is thus essentially required to be fully matched with the underlying respective cluster hardware. It should be clearly noted that although a cluster software is not a distributed operating system, still it exhibits several useful features that closely resemble those found in true distributed operating systems. The cluster software, while controls the entire operation of all the nodes present in the cluster, spreads the flavour of parallel processing by providing a unified system image to the user known as a single-system image. It speeds up computation rendering parallel processing by exploiting the services of several CPUs (nodes) present within the cluster, and this is accomplished by scheduling and executing independent sub-tasks of an application simultaneously on different nodes within the cluster. While it provides high availability through redundancy of available resources such as CPUs and other I/O media, those are also delegated in carrying out effective load balancing among the existing computer systems. This software is also adequately equipped to provide enough fault-tolerance as well as failure management. Apart from being equipped with its usual software, a cluster will also have other software tools supported by the underlying OS, such as, parallelizing compiler, software interfacesandprogramming language interfaces, etc. so that all these together can then create an environment, very similar to that of a true distributed system.
A smart palletising planning and control model in Logistics 4.0 framework
Published in International Journal of Production Research, 2022
Theodor Borangiu, Silviu Răileanu
Logistics 4.0 is defined as the networking and integration of logistics processes, materialising the effects of Industry 4.0 on logistics i.e. networking of customers, objects, processes and supply chain components through IC2T to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of production companies. Strandhagen et al. (2017) characterise Logistics 4.0 through five attributes: (i) real time big data analytics (e.g. to optimise routing), (ii) reduced storage requirement due to new manufacturing technologies, (iii) autonomous robots with intelligent decision systems, (iv) real time information exchange between logistics components; (v) avoiding disruptions with high availability systems. Barreto, Amaral, and Pereira (2017) suggest virtualising logistics entities that can be interconnected in cyber-physical systems (CPS).