China 
Africa 
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… and then there were mobile robots
Published in Arkapravo Bhaumik, From AI to Robotics, 2018
There will always be a need for quality simulators in robotics as every experiment cannot be performed with real-world robots due to extreme logistics and cost considerations. As a contrast, path planning was targeted in the earliest 2D simulators such as Karel and Rossum’s Playhouse (RP1), 3D simulators such as Webots and Microsoft Robotics Developer Studio (Microsoft RDS, MRDS) provided added designing capabilities and near life-like models of the robot. Currently, Gazebo which is a standalone project and also a part of ROS is one of the best and is often accepted as a standard for robotics simulations.
Towards an architecture for cloud robotic services
Published in International Journal of Computers and Applications, 2022
Radhia Bouziane, Labib Sadek Terrissa, Soheyb Ayad, Jean-François Brethé
An impact of SOA and web services on robotic solutions has been shown across their growing integration. In [13], the concept of Robot as a Service (RaaS) was introduced by Y. Chen et al. The authors aim to build robots with the function of SOA architecture as cloud units. This allows users to access and manipulate robotic services and applications remotely. The implementation was tested via a number of services using MRDS (Microsoft Robotics Developer Studio) as a robotic environment. In [14], Koubâa introduced SOAP and REST Web services into ROS. The work combines JAX-WS and JAX-RS Web services with ROSJAVA library, which allows to invoke ROS codes as any classic web services. Subsequently, an integration of this solution into a cloud robotics system was proposed in [15,16]. A prototype for RaaS in a cloud platform was developed in [17]. In addition, another proposed approach of RaaS was presented in [18]. The work provides remote services to control and to monitor robots using REST services and ROS. Readers can refer to [19–21] for additional examples of different applications that target the RaaS.