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Blockchain for Healthcare Systems
Published in Latesh Malik, Sandhya Arora, Urmila Shrawankar, Vivek Deshpande, Blockchain for Smart Systems, 2022
The various tools and technologies used to implement this DApp are as follows. The Ethereum Blockchain is used in this application. Ethereum is a blockchain platform having smart contract functionality to build DApps. Ethereum blockchain facilitates the storage of smart contracts (pre-configured and deployed code blocks and agreements between stakeholders). These smart contracts contain the authorization logic, the Access Control List, and store the IPFS hashes of the records, thus ensuring security and immutability. Ethereum uses the Ether (ETH) cryptocurrency for transactions and uses the solidity programming language for building the DApp. IPFS is used for secure, distributed, decentralized file sharing and storage of medical records. IPFS is a content-addressable, peer-to-peer network protocol for the storage of files in a distributed file system. IPFS helps prevent the necessity of storing records on the expensive blockchain itself and, instead, the large medical records can be stored across nodes in the IPFS network and the unique hashes corresponding to these files help elegantly encrypt, store, and share this data. Remix IDE is a web application that can be used to write, deploy, and run smart contracts. Infura, which is a development suite, is used to provide API access to the IPFS network and Ethereum blockchain for the DApp. Metamask is an extension used to store and manage Ethereum accounts, transactions, and to help connect the Ethereum DApp via the browser securely. Metamask enables verified transactions over DApps and provides a password-less login feature via access to Ethereum smart contracts. This is performed via a user account having a unique Ethereum address provided by the Metamask extension, i.e. a SHA3 hash of public key through which the proof of ownership of the account is performed using the signing of data with the private key provided by the account. Solidity is the object-oriented programming language for writing smart contracts on the Ethereum blockchain platform. In this system, public and private key cryptography are implemented to provide secure access to patients, doctors, physicians, and hospitals to access medical health records. To upload a medical record (EHR), the medical records are encrypted using cryptography provided by the system and uploaded to the IPFS. Next, the hash address generated for this file in IPFS is stored in blocks in the Ethereum blockchain. The blockchain maintains the record of all data transactions that occur in this medical health record system. All data modifications are recorded. When a patient or a doctor (with permission from the patient) wishes to retrieve a medical record from IPFS, based on the IPFS hash address of the required document, that particular document is retrieved from IPFS and delivered to the end-user. [27, 28]
Investigating the link between transaction and computational costs in a blockchain environment
Published in International Journal of Production Research, 2020
The components in this table rely on each other for the EVM to function fully. Ganache is a virtual blockchain that provides developers with 100 test ether when linked to Metamask, an online wallet (i.e. a place to store cryptocurrency) used by Truffle to run contracts. Metamask pays the computational cost in the development environment. To view the transaction costs in a live environment, we use Truffle’s developer framework tool, alongside the local machine, which we deploy as a local host to test the smart contracts and their influence on costs (Bhargavan et al. 2016). Alongside the Truffle developer environment, the solidity programming language is used as the main programming tool to create smart contracts that can add, maintain, modify, and update the transactions in the blockchain (Bhargavan et al. 2016; Grech et al. 2018). Moreover, we use web3.js to create and deploy the proposed smart contracts. These scripts are essential for controlling the flow of data between buyers and suppliers, which are a key component of a blockchain. In this initiation stage, gas becomes payable (Antonopoulos and Wood 2018).
imseStudio: blockchain-enabled secure digital twin platform for service manufacturing
Published in International Journal of Production Research, 2023
Xinlai Liu, Yishuo Jiang, Zicheng Wang, Ray Y. Zhong, H. H. Cheung, George Q. Huang
As shown in Figure 9, matcher explorer is designed for schedulers to assign customer orders to suitable 3D printing services. Both customer orders and 3D printers are retrieved from blockchain, which are published through customer explorer and printer explorer. Notably, MetaMask is used as a tool to manage each user’s cryptocurrency account. Currently, the token (cryptocurrency) is used to pay the transaction fees, which helps the stakeholders to upload the information into blockchain. At this stage, matcher is an administrator of the blockchain platform. There are four steps to complete a typical matching and scheduling service: order retrieval, printer retrieval, match and publish.
Secure Share: Optimal Blokchain Integration in IoT Systems
Published in Journal of Computer Information Systems, 2023
Smita Dange, Prashant Nitnaware
The proposed system uses the Ethereum platform to establish the blockchain network. Along with Ethereum, technological stacks such as truffle, ganache, and metamask are used. The smart contracts are written using the Remix tool, compiled, migrated, and tested using truffle. IoT data is stored in the cloud. Using blockchain, all stakeholders in the healthcare system gain access to the dataset. A smart contract is a simple program that is stored on a blockchain. It is beneficial to automate the process. It has a few conditions written into the code that, when met, cause the smart contract to execute automatically.