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INTERconnected NETwork: Internet
Published in Akshi Kumar, Web Technology, 2018
A web browser is a software program that retrieves, presents, and traverses information resources on the Web. The primary function of a browser is to identify the URL and bring the information resource to user. To identify a web pages’ exact location, a web browser relies on a URL. A URL, as described previously, is a four-part addressing scheme that tells the web browser: The transfer protocol to use for transporting the fileThe domain name of the computer on which the file residesThe pathname of the folder or directory on the computer on which the file residesThe name of the file
Challenges of the digital public space
Published in Naomi Jacobs, Rachel Cooper, Living in Digital Worlds, 2018
In Chapter 5, we discussed the common practice of giving up ownership of personal data collected by ‘free’ services. Many websites use cookies: data files which store individual information in web browsers. This allows the pages to ‘remember’ you, to present you with appropriate content, to prevent you having to log in repeatedly, or to enable you to build a ‘shopping cart’ that retains your selections while you browse other parts of the site. In 2009, an EU directive was introduced which as implemented in the UK meant that all websites using cookies must make visitors aware of this fact and give them an opportunity to opt out should they wish. But because cookies work to make the browsing experience smoother and more useful, there is not a great deal of visible incentive to opt out, despite potentially compromised privacy. Many sites found it difficult to comply with this directive and retain their functionality. Enforcement was limited, and the scope of the law was clarified in 2013 to include exceptions.2 Cookies do not record large amounts of personal information, however if shared between servers they could contribute to a large body of data from which personal information could be inferred that could compromise privacy.
Finding Your Market
Published in Tom Hutchison, Paul Allen, Web Marketing for the Music Business, 2013
The Internet has made it easy to track what consumers do, where they go, and what interests they have. One way of keeping track of that data is through the use of cookies. Webopedia defines cookies as a “message given to a Web browser by a Web server. The browser stores the message in a text file. The message is then sent back to the server each time the browser requests a page from the server.” David Whalen made this analogy on www.cookiecentral.com: You drop something off [at the dry cleaners], and get a ticket. When you return with the ticket, you get your clothes back. If you don’t have the ticket, then the [dry cleaner] man doesn’t know which clothes are yours. In fact, he won’t be able to tell whether you are there to pick up clothes, or a brand new customer. As such, the ticket is critical to maintaining state between you and the laundry man.
Application of the Internet of Things in the textile industry
Published in Textile Progress, 2019
Hitesh Manglani, George L. Hodge, William Oxenham
Using information available in the literature [39–42], application protocols are compared in Table 2. Each of the standards is divided into 4 categories: usage case; how it transports data; mechanism of data request and response; and finally, the mechanism to broadcast data. Prior to the comparison, it is helpful to appreciate HTTP REST, which has existed for a long time now and is quite well-established. The World Wide Web is based on the Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP). HTTP is a way to communicate data and file transfer. It is similar to hypertext documents, which include hyperlinks to other resources that the user can easily access. In a client-server model, HTTP functions as request-response protocol. For example, our web browsers are the client, and a computer hosting a website acts as a server. When a web browser submits an HTTP request to a server, the servers, in turn, respond with HTML files and other data.
A Security Model for Web-Based Fuzzy-Logic Direct Torque Control of Induction Motor Drive
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2022
JMatLink [2] developed a java library that allows the users to connect or link the MATLAB and the java enabled webservers/servlet with java applications. A java servlet [3] was developed to send the data over the internet and to connect the MATLAB’s engine using java link library. The common gateway interface (CGI) creates the dynamic content and the web server sends the requests to MATLAB program for processing, returns the results as a static file in the client computer. The initiation of CGI made it possible to implement the functionality in web pages, and an existing standard, on web servers. When the server gets a request through a CGI program, a new process is created in the server to run the CGI program, via environment variables and standard input and the number of requests a server can handle at a time is limited as shown in Figure 2. A client (the web browser) sends a token to the web server, responds to the request and the operation is done. The client computer sends the request, by an HTTP command, called a method, communicate to the server by GET and POST methods. The GET method is used to get information like a document, a chart, etc., while a POST method is used to get records stored in a database. In general, GET is for reading and POST is for appending new data. An application programming interface (API) allows the user to program in C language for MATLAB, called as MEX-files and the program to any dynamic link libraries (.dll) and the drivers on an Operating System(ex. Windows XP/ Windows7). The client (web browser) requests an HTML file from the web server, fetches files from the server, and sends back to the client through the internet. The web server loads java servlet during the server session starts the MATLAB and establishes connection through JMatLink, and the connection is static and determined over the servlet life cycle. The web server process all the servlets before sending back the output which consists of variables, array, or text.