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Pre-distribution networks and professional networks
Published in Hendrik Storstein Spilker, Digital Music Distribution, 2017
The personal computer has been the production center of the home-based network studio. According to Taylor (2001), the creative process involved in the production of modern popular music can be characterized by four essential techniques: multi-track recording, MIDI programming, sampling, and sound synthesis. Among the interviewees, all these operations are basically performed through the use of a personal computer and software packages such as Cubase, Logic, or Pro Tools. Some are using more specialized software for certain tasks (e.g., using MAX to perform the programming of sound into the hardware). The technical setup of the network studio further consists of various assemblies of loudspeakers, instruments, sound transforming devices, and acoustical arrangements, all linked to the computer.
The MACv2 aerosol climatology
Published in Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology, 2019
The Max-Planck Aerosol Climatology MAC informs on typical aerosol properties on a monthly global basis. The climatology offers likely aerosol properties which can be applied for more general evaluations of ‘bottom-up’ modelling and in satellite remote sensing. In its second version, MACv2 now extracts in a ‘top-down’ approach also compositional information, which in turn assists in a more consistent and confident spectral extension for the aerosol radiative properties needed in broadband radiative transfer simulations. The radiative properties, which can be accommodated to any radiative transfer scheme in global modelling, offer simple input for fast and more direct (since linked to observations of aerosol optics) alternative when estimating aerosol direct radiative impacts in global modelling. And with a simple satellite retrieval based relationship between aerosol and particle number concentrations (Kinne, 2019, Appendix A) also first order aerosol indirect radiative impacts can then be included.
The MusIC method: a fast and quasi-optimal solution to the muscle forces estimation problem
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2018
A. Muller, C. Pontonnier, G. Dumont
The MusIC method was assessed with three different cost functions: two polynomial criteria and one min/max criterion. Other functions usually exploited to evaluate muscle forces could be tested with the MusIC method. It only consists in using a new cost function throughout the database generation. A polynomial criterion with another normalization factor as the physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA) (Crowninshield and Brand 1981) or a soft saturation criterion (Siemienski 1992) could be tested. These cost functions are based on muscle forces or activations. Some authors have proposed to introduce joint reaction forces as a cost (Challis and Kerwin 1993; Dumas et al. 2014). Even if the MusIC method does not take into account directly the joint reaction forces, they are associated to the joint torques. We therefore believe that the use of the MusIC method with this kind of cost function could be an interesting future work. We could also generate the database thanks to cost functions generating co-contraction behaviors (Forster et al. 2004; Brookham et al. 2011). Since the MusIC method aims at mimicking an optimization method, each generated database will lead to a unique solution for a given frame with respect to this cost function. However different databases may be used to generate a variety of solutions, or a unique database containing various solutions.
3D Boundary element meshing for multiscale bone anisotropic analysis
Published in European Journal of Computational Mechanics, 2018
D. M. Prada, A. F. Galvis, A. C. Alcântara, P. Sollero
In this work, it was established a procedure to use Autodesk 3ds Max (a multimedia software) to meshing BEM models. However, this procedure could be adapted to use another multimedia software, like blender or Autodesk Maya. Many multimedia softwares are available on the market and any of those can be used. In this work, It was selected Autodesk 3ds Max. Due to, for the best of our knowledge, it is the most used multimedia software. Then, it has more support for its community than the others. Additionally, Autodesk provides the full version for free, for academic purposes.