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MAC and Network Layer Issues and Challenges for IoT
Published in Ricardo Armentano, Robin Singh Bhadoria, Parag Chatterjee, Ganesh Chandra Deka, The Internet of Things, 2017
Upena Dalal, Shweta Shah, Jigisha Patel
To send IPv6 packets over, for example, 802.15.4 efficiently, one needs to concentrate on the issues arising from the underlying MAC and PHY protocols as discussed earlier. In the case of Ethernet links, a packet with the size of the IPv6 maximum transmission unit (1280 bytes) can be sent easily as single frame over the link. In the case of 802.15.4, because it supports a maximum packet size of 127 bytes, 6LoWPAN acts as an adaptation layer between the IPv6 networking layer and the 802.15.4 link layer. It solves the issue by fragmenting the IPv6 packet at the sender and reassembling it at the receiver. 6LoWPAN also provides a compression mechanism to reduce the IPv6 headers sizes to reduce transmission overhead, which, in turn, reduces the energy consumption as the fewer bits are sent over the wireless channel. It provides a very efficient low overhead mechanism for forwarding multihop packets in a mesh network.
SD-WAN Outlook
Published in Cheng Sheng, Jie Bai, Qi Sun, Software-Defined Wide Area Network Architectures and Technologies, 2021
An IPv6 packet consists of a standard IPv6 header, extended headers (0, …, n), and payload. To implement SRv6 based on the IPv6 forwarding plane, an IPv6 extension header, called segment routing header (SRH), is added.
Deploying IPv4-only Connectivity across Local IPv6-only Access Networks
Published in IETE Technical Review, 2019
When the IPv4 packet is received at the internal CPE interface, the CPE replaces the IPv4 source address with its own IPv4 address and the source port number with a port number out of its assigned restricted port range. It then encapsulates the IPv4 into an IPv6 packet, and finally forwards the IPv4-in-IPv6 packet ((A+P) packet) to the PRR. When the PRR device receives the (A+P) packet at its internal interface, it decapsulates the IPv4 packet, replaces the source address with its IPv4 address, and forwards the packet to the Internet.