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Multimedia Systems
Published in Sreeparna Banerjee, Elements of Multimedia, 2019
Multimedia mail incorporates text, audio, video, and so on, in mail document. Multimedia Internet Mail Extension (MIME) is an internet standard that extends the email format to support both text (in ASCII as well as other character sets) and nontext attachments, message bodies with multiple parts, and even headers in non-ASCII character sets. It consists of several parts, and each part might have different types: text, audio, video, graphics, image, and so on. A typical MIME message must include data in multiple message parts, definition of content types of individual parts, and boundaries between the parts.
Twenty-first century transport: SNG over IP
Published in Jonathan Higgins, Satellite Newsgathering, 2012
The header of a packet specifies the data type, packet number, total number of payload bytes, and the sender and receiver IP addresses. The addressing conforms to the IP standard, and the data is carried over the Ethernet network in accordance with the addressing contained within the frame. Millions of these frames from computer devices from all over a network merge and stream together, and the network switches instantaneously route the data packets to their destination by reading the addresses and following the routing tables that are loaded into each switch.
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
Published in Akshi Kumar, Web Technology, 2018
HTTP headers are a form of message metadata. The enlightened use of headers makes it possible to construct sophisticated applications that establish and maintain sessions, set caching policies, control authentication, and implement business logic, as they collectively specify the characteristics of the resource requested and the data that is provided. For example, a client may want to accept the audio files only in some specified format.
Integration of sparse singular vector decomposition and statistical process control for traffic monitoring and quality of service improvement in mission-critical communication networks
Published in IISE Transactions, 2018
QoS assurance starts from monitoring and change/anomaly detection of network traffic data. This has been primary studied by the research community of communication networks in Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE). A typical form of network traffic data is as “packets.” A packet is a unit of data that is routed from a sender to a receiver in a network. A packet is typically structured to include a header and contents. The header includes meta-information about the packet, such as sender and receiver IP addresses and protocol. Contents are the actual data such as text, audio, and video. The header of a packet is very small in size, whereas contents can be large. The existing research falls into three major categories: Deep Packet Inspection (DPI) (Roesch, 1999; Yu et al., 2006; Smith et al., 2008; Cascarano et al., 2011), Active Monitoring (AM) (Paxson et al., 1998; Almes et al., 1999a, 1999b; Caceres et al., 1999; Ciavattone et al., 2003), and Passive Monitoring (PM) (Conway, 2002; Fraleigh et al., 2003; Ahmed et al., 2005).