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Network science
Published in Benjamin S. Baumer, Daniel T. Kaplan, Nicholas J. Horton, Modern Data Science with R, 2021
Benjamin S. Baumer, Daniel T. Kaplan, Nicholas J. Horton
This problem is not trivial. Most pre-Google search engines worked by categorizing the words on every Web page, and then determining—based on the search query—which pages were most relevant to that query.
Industrial applications of digital twin technology in the mining sector: An overview
Published in CIM Journal, 2023
The Google search engine was chosen to identify DT applications in mining because it is the most widely used global search engine. Several keyword searches and their combinations were performed (e.g., mine OR mining DT; mine OR mining DT application OR use case). Each search would return several million results, so only the first three pages (equivalent to about 30 results), written in the English language, were considered for the study. The results were initially scanned by opening the links in separate tabs and finding the terms (e.g., mine, mining, DT) in the page to eliminate results that were unrelated to the study. For example, web pages that contained concepts from data science and not the mining industry were excluded, as were those sources that briefly used the searched keywords but were not related to the study. The remaining web pages were then manually inspected by reading them in totality, looking at the supplemental materials (such as photographs, videos, or demonstrations), and performing related searches to obtain additional information. Some results were excluded because they were too general (i.e., they did not report a relevant DT use case or a platform, or the term DT was misused). If the result was an article, blog, or webinar that presented various use cases of DTs in mining, additional individual searches would be made for every presented example and the same exclusion criteria were applied.
A PageRank-like measure for evaluating process flexibility
Published in IISE Transactions, 2022
Fengming Cui, Chen Wang, Lefei Li
The SF index (Iravani et al., 2005) exploited the linking relationships and paths in a resource-request structure to evaluate the level of flexibility. This inspired us to consult PageRank as it is one of the most famous methods to analyze link relationships of a network. PageRank was proposed by Brin and Page (1998) to address the webpage ranking problem in the Google search engine. Each webpage is regarded as a node on a graph. Brin and Page (1998) assigned a positive scalar, called the PageRank score, to each node measuring its importance by the number and importance of nodes linked to it. Specifically, the PageRank score of node i is given by where N(i) is the set of nodes linked to node i and degj is the degree of node j. Without considering the damping factor, the PageRank score (or importance) of each node is equally allocated to all its neighboring nodes. In addition to webpage searching, the PageRank score has been widely applied to many fields (Gleich, 2015), including social-network analysis (Weng et al., 2010) and recommendation (Gori et al., 2007).
Review of climate change impacts on reservoir hydrology and long-term basin-wide water resources management
Published in Building Research & Information, 2022
Amaya Kahaduwa, Lalith Rajapakse
The targeted scope was divided into subcategories using the findings from the Google search engine. The keywords ‘Climate change impacts’, ‘Reservoir hydrology’ and ‘Water resource management’ were used to identify the main areas that needed to be focused on in the study. Studying the climate change impacts on reservoir hydrology and long-term basin-wide water resource management was identified as the two main areas to be focused on in the study. Under the climate change impacts, eight different impact areas of reservoir hydrology were decided to be discussed. They are (i) temperature, (ii) precipitation patterns, (iii) total runoff and streamflow, (iv) reservoir operations, (v) vulnerability to floods and droughts, (vi) agricultural and drinking water demand, (vii) hydropower generation and (viii) ecological flow. Long-term basin-wide water resource management was decided to be studied as a whole focusing on several water resource management methods. After subdividing the scope, the two reviewers discussed and decided to search and review the studies together under each category in detail by using the relevant keywords for each subcategory.