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From Circuit Schematics to PCB
Published in Julio Sanchez, Maria P. Canton, Embedded Systems Circuits and Programming, 2017
Julio Sanchez, Maria P. Canton
The Gerber file format is a PCB file convention used by the electronics industries. The format includes copper layers, connections, solder masks, and legends. Although milling and drilling data can be present in the Gerber file, it is more common to provide this information in the Excellon Format. The Gerber format is the de-facto standard for the specification and transfer of PCB data. The current version of the format is RS-274X, also known as Extended Gerber or X - Gerber. An RS-274X file is a humanly readable ASCII file that contains commands and coordinates. The following is an example (from Wikimedia Commons) of a file in Gerber RS-274X format.
HardOps: utilising the software development toolchain for hardware design
Published in International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 2022
Julian Stirling, Kaspar Bumke, Joel Collins, Vimal Dhokia, Richard Bowman
The key benefit of using this automation is de-duplication of design information, having a single source of truth, and a guarantee that essential production files remain up to date. For example, an engineer will design parts using a CAD or electronics design automation (EDA) package, and save them in the native format of their CAD/EDA package. The native format retains essential parameterisation for future adjustment, but before the part can be produced the data needs to be exported either in an exchange format (e.g. STEP, STL), as technical drawings or schematics, or as computer numerical control (CNC) production files (e.g. G-code, Gerber). Saving these output files within the DVCS not only rapidly increases data storage, but also runs the risk of out of date production files being used.
Simultaneous switching noise mitigation in high speed pcb using novel planar EBG structure
Published in International Journal of Electronics, 2023
The hardware implementation of the novel EBG structure is examined. It is necessary to export 274 X Gerber formats of the two-layers (EBG structure and ground layer as in the layer stack-up setting) from the EDA tool in order to fabricate as Printed Circuit Board (PCB). This is done for both patterns and fabricated PCBs are shown in Figure 5 and Figure 7. The other side of the PCB is a continuous layer. The Gerber information is delivered to a fabricator for the purpose of manufacturing as a PCB. This Gerber file is a standardised format and is widely accepted by the fabrication community. This file contains the information on the conductor’s shape and placement. Here, it is chosen FR-4 as a board material, dielectric thickness as 0.08 mm and the copper layer thickness as 0.03 mm. FR-4 is a commonly used board material for high-frequency applications as it is flame retardant, reinforced glass epoxy, cost effective, good electrical insulator, sturdy material and ideally used by PCB fabricators. In order to measure the conducted noise, R&S®ZVH Vector Network Analyser is used. To excite and measure the signal, SMA connectors are soldered on to the PCB. Outer four legs are connected to the ground layer and centre pin is connected to the EBG layer. Frequency plan is set in the instrument as same as simulation frequency sweep. Probes are connected between the SMA connections and the instrument in order to establish the connection. The hardware setup configuration is shown in Figure 6 and Figure 8. The findings of the S-Parameter test in terms of reflection and transmission coefficients are obtained with the help of the instrument. S11 and S21 plots are collected for EBG Alternate array embedded pattern as well as Entire array embedded pattern.