China 
Africa 
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Data Formats
Published in Praveen Kumar, Jay Alameda, Peter Bajcsy, Mike Folk, Momcilo Markus, Hydroinformatics: Data Integrative Approaches in Computation, Analysis, and Modeling, 2005
Open formats and software are less likely to change over time without agreement from a broad base of users. Because they are fully defined and publicly available, vendors and others are free to implement improved versions or versions that are more appropriate for specific circumstances, at the same time maintaining the interoperability required by the specification. If a software implementation is also open source, meaning that the source code is available for anyone to examine, improvements can be made through community contributions. Members of the community can fix bugs or add enhancements and offer these back to the others in the community.
Data collection and conversion
Published in Catherine Dawson, A–Z of Digital Research Methods, 2019
Are you interested in short-term data processing or long-term data preservation? File formats associated with proprietary data analysis software can change or become obsolete over the long-term, whereas standard, open formats that are more widely available might be less likely to change over the long-term. Guidance on suitable file formats can be obtained from the UK Data Service (details below).
Mapping minibuses in Maputo and Nairobi: engaging paratransit in transportation planning in African cities
Published in Transport Reviews, 2019
Jacqueline M. Klopp, Clemence Cavoli
The beta version of the chapas map was launched in the autumn of 2016 during a transport/mobility event in Maputo. A public consultation phase followed in order to better assess and integrate users’ needs into the design of the map, such as popular landmarks. Another version of the map was formally released in 2017. The project is following Digital Matatus’ steps and is developing an open format version of the map based on General Transit Feed Specification (GTSF) data. The project has also entered the GPS data into OpenStreetMap (OSM). Furthermore, in 2017, the Mapa Dos Chapas team partnered with Engineers Without Borders to establish new stop infrastructure in Maputo. Maputo’s map of public transport was displayed at various bus stops (See Figure 4). In 2018, a local advertising company called UBI also required permission from the project partners to showcase the map on one of their street advertising platforms (see Figure 5).
Data to the people: a review of public and proprietary data for transport models
Published in Transport Reviews, 2021
Vishal Mahajan, Nico Kuehnel, Aikaterini Intzevidou, Guido Cantelmo, Rolf Moeckel, Constantinos Antoniou
The Zephyr foundation and various stakeholders have introduced data standards used by the transport modelling community. For example, the OMX open matrix format21 was developed in 2013 and allows transport modellers to share and read different models’ matrices. More recently, Zephyr promoted the General Modelling Network Specification (GMNS), an open format for network data explicitly designed for transport models (Smith et al., 2020). The idea is that models should share a common standard for input and output data. Similar to the emergence of public transport datasets after the emergence of GTFS, this could lead to more publicly available network models in the future.
From children's ideas to prototypes for the internet of things: a case study of cross-generational end-user design
Published in Behaviour & Information Technology, 2022
Rosella Gennari, Alessandra Melonio, Mehdi Rizvi
Data concerning (R2), that is, participants' experience, were collected via a standard post-course survey managed and processed by the university in anonymous format, with open-format and closed-format questions, besides interviews tracked in notes by teachers. The students were made aware that the interviews and the anonymous survey had no effect on the grading of the course whatsoever. They were in any case familiar with these types of surveys to be filled at the end of each course they attend.