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Applications and Examples
Published in G.K. Awari, C.S. Thorat, Vishwjeet Ambade, D.P. Kothari, Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technology, 2021
G.K. Awari, C.S. Thorat, Vishwjeet Ambade, D.P. Kothari
The geographic information system (GIS) is a system designed to collect, store, process, interpret, handle, and present spatial or geographical data. GIS applications are tools that allow users to create interactive queries (user-generated searches), analyze spatial data, edit data in maps, and present the results of all these operations. GIS (more commonly GIScience) sometimes refers to geographic information science (GIScience), the science behind geographic concepts, applications, and systems. Since the mid-1980s, geographic information systems have become a valuable tool used to support a variety of urban and regional planning functions.
Geography as a science of the earth’s surface founded on the third view of space
Published in Annals of GIS, 2022
Let us further clarify the term ‘things’ through two working examples: A street network and a coastline (Figure 2, Jiang and Slocum 2020). Conventionally, in geography or geographic information science, the things often refer to geometric primitives such as pixels, points, lines, and polygons. It is little wonder that Tobler’s law is seen pervasively, as there are more or less similar sized things seen from the perspective of geometric primitives. For example, a street network has more or less similar street segments, or all the street junctions have more or less similar numbers of connections (1–4) (Figure 2(a)). A coastline consists of a set of more or less similar line segments (Figure 2(c)). Unfortunately, all these geometric primitives are not the right things for seeing the street network or coastline as a living structure. There is little wonder, constrained by the geometric primitives, that living structure was not a formal concept in geography.
Status analysis of geographic information science major in Chinese higher education
Published in Annals of GIS, 2021
Shuliang Zhang, Ying Chen, Xin Yang, Liyang Xiong, Zhenzhen Liu, Guoan Tang
To solve these problems, the Education and Popularization Science Working Committee of the China Association for Geographic Information Society is launching a new set of ‘National Textbook Series of Geographic Information Science’. This series has sorted out the geographic information science professional textbooks from a systematic and scientific perspective. The main textbooks are ‘Introduction to Geographic Information Science’, ‘Cartography’, ‘Principles of Geographic Information System’, ‘Spatial Data Collection and Management’, ‘Geographic Information System Spatial Analysis’, ‘Spatial Data Visualization’, ‘Web-GIS’, ‘GIS Development’, ‘Applications of Geographic Information System’, ‘Practices of Geographic Information System’, ‘Introduction to Remote Sensing’, ‘Digital Image Processing’, ‘Remote Sensing Analysis’ and ‘Introduction to Satellite Navigation and Positioning’. With the development of the geographic information science discipline, the compilation and use of GIS textbooks are constantly improving. The Chinese government is constantly strengthening the construction of excellent textbooks for geographic information science to promote the discipline’s orderly development.
Integration of spatialization and individualization: the future of epidemic modelling for communicable diseases
Published in Annals of GIS, 2020
Driven by the recognition of importance, and supported by the data with unprecedented quality, new concepts, theories, and methodologies have been constantly developed to achieve spatialization and individualization in epidemic modelling (Bian 2013). These concepts, theories, and methodologies intend to take advantage of the quality of new data and the development in geographic information science, data science, computer science, and computing technologies. A highlight in this kind of methodological development is the shift towards non-parametrical local approaches and empirical simulations/inductive procedures that are based on intensive computation, from traditional parametrical global approaches and analytical/deductive procedures that frequently rely on mathematical/statistical assumptions.