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Focal Plane Arrays
Published in Antoni Rogalski, Zbigniew Bielecki, Detection of Optical Signals, 2022
Antoni Rogalski, Zbigniew Bielecki
The term “focal plane array” (FPA) refers to an assemblage of individual thousands/millions detector picture elements (“pixels”) located at the focal plane of an imaging system. Although the definition could include 1D (“linear”) arrays as well as 2D arrays, it is frequently applied to the latter. Usually, the optics part of an optoelectronic images device is limited only to focusing of the image onto the detector’s array. These so-called “staring arrays” are scanned electronically, usually using circuits integrated with the arrays. The architecture of detector-readout assemblies has assumed a number of forms, which are described in detail, for example, in References 1–4. The types of readout integrated circuits (ROICs) include the function of pixel deselecting, antiblooming on each pixel, subframe imaging, output preamplifiers and may include yet other functions.
Focal Plane Arrays
Published in Antoni Rogalski, 2D Materials for Infrared and Terahertz Detectors, 2020
The term “focal plane array” (FPA) refers to an assemblage of individual detector picture elements (“pixels”) located at the focal plane of an imaging system. Although the definition could include 1D (“linear”) arrays as well as 2D arrays, it is most frequently applied to the latter. Usually, the optics part of an optoelectronic image device is restricted to focusing of the image onto the detector’s array. These so-called “staring arrays” are scanned electronically, usually by circuits integrated with the arrays. The architecture of detector-readout assemblies has assumed a number of forms which have been described in detail [1–4]. The types of readout integrated circuits (ROICs) include the function of pixel deselecting, antiblooming on each pixel, subframe imaging, and output preamplifiers, and may include yet other functions.
Infrared devices and techniques
Published in John P. Dakin, Robert G. W. Brown, Handbook of Optoelectronics, 2017
Antoni Rogalski, Krzysztof Chrzanowski
The term “focal plane array” (FPA) refers to an assemblage of individual detector picture elements (“pixels”) located at the focal plane of an imaging system. Although the definition could include one-dimensional (“linear”) arrays as well as two-dimensional (2D) arrays, it is frequently applied to the latter. Usually, the optics part of an optoelectronic images device is limited only to focusing of the image onto the detectors array. These so-called staring arrays are scanned electronically usually using circuits integrated with the arrays. The architecture of detector-readout assemblies has assumed a number of forms. The types of readout integrated circuits (ROICs) include the function of pixel deselecting, antiblooming on each pixel, subframe imaging, output preamplifying, and may include yet other functions. IR imaging systems, which use 2D arrays, belong to the so-called second generation systems.
Efficient scene analysis by a deep learning-long short-term memory approach based on polarimetric measurements
Published in The Imaging Science Journal, 2022
Radhwane Boudaoud, Abdelkrim Kedadra, Nabil Zerrouki, Abdelkader Aissat
Polarimetric imaging offers significant information related to surface identification and an object’s shape. In fact, polarimetric imaging depends on the used direction, intensities and spectral bands. It has been widely applied in several fields such as material classification [1], 3-D surface reconstruction [2], dehazing [3], and biomedical imaging [4]. A number of existing polarization imagers include division of time, aperture, or amplitude, and division of focal plane (DoFP) achieved with Micro-grid polarimeters [11]. The latter are composed of a collection of polarized pixels aligned upon a focal plane array. The polarizers integrated into the focal plane ensure its outstanding real-time performance. However, their applications reduce (i) the spatial resolution of resulting images and (ii) affect in some cases the calculation of polarization parameters. To bypass these limitations and improve the imaging quality one can use one of the three polarization properties: intensity (i.e. S0), the degree of linear polarization (DoLP), and the angle of polarization (AoP), rather than concentrating on reducing the interpolation error of image intensities obtained at different orientations. On the other hand, each pixel should be polarized at only one of the four orientations, such as 0, 45, 90, and 135 degrees.
An experimental study on the evaluation of temperature uniformity on the surface of a blackbody using infrared cameras
Published in Quantitative InfraRed Thermography Journal, 2022
S.T. Yoon, J.C. Park, Y.J. Cho
The earliest infrared cameras were mainly used for military purposes, but in recent times, thanks to the development and generalisation of infrared technology, their use in commercial applications has steadily increased. There are two types of infrared camera: focal plane array camera and optical scanning camera. Therefore, the detector inevitably generates non-uniformity and noise into its measured signals. Various mathematical algorithms to correct for the non-uniformity have been introduced to solve these problems [4]. Infrared cameras require periodic inspection and recalibration to correct the non-uniformity and ensure accurate temperature measurements. To this end, various methods have been suggested [5–7]. Furthermore, the relatively low-cost uncooled detection sensors have been developed, thereby leading the greater commercialisation of infrared cameras. Since uncooled detectors have relatively lower sensitivity than cooled detectors, however, this has motivated the creation of techniques for improving the sensitivity of uncooled detectors [8].
Proposal for a protocol using an infrared microbolometer camera and wavelet analysis to study foot thermoregulation
Published in Quantitative InfraRed Thermography Journal, 2021
Vincent Serantoni, Franck Jourdan, Hervé Louche, Ariane Sultan
where and are responses of a single detector (i,j) receiving radiation flux and coming from a black body at temperature and (with ). The terms and are mean values of all detectors. This correction is specific to each camera and effective only under a specific configuration (integration time and lens) and focal plane array temperature (FPAt).