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Electrical systems
Published in Tom Denton, Advanced Automotive Fault Diagnosis, 2020
FlexRay is a fast and fault-tolerant bus system for automotive use. It was developed using the experience of well-known original equipment manufactures (OEMs). It is designed to meet the needs of current and future in-car control applications that require a high bandwidth. The bit rate for FlexRay can be programmed to values up to 10 Mbit/s (Figure 8.14).
Periodic Event-Triggered Control
Published in Marek Miskowicz, Event-Based Control and Signal Processing, 2018
W. P. Maurice H. Heemels, Romain Postoyan, M. C. F. (Tijs) Donkers, Andrew R. Teel, Adolfo Anta, Paulo Tabuada, Dragan Nešić
REMARK 6.5 For some networked control systems (NCSs), it is natural to periodically switch between time- triggered sampling and PETC. Examples include NCS with FlexRay (see [37]). FlexRay is a communication protocol developed by the automotive industry, which has the feature to switch between static and dynamic segments, during which the transmissions are, respectively, time triggered or event triggered. While the implementation and therefore the model differ in this case, the results of this section can be applied to analyze stability.
FlexRay Protocol
Published in Nicolas Navet, Françoise Simonot-Lion, Automotive Embedded Systems Handbook, 2017
Bernhard Schätz, Christian Kühnel, Michael Gonschorek
FlexRay is intended to provide an advanced communication technology for automotive high-speed control applications in power train, chassis, and body control, with availability, reliability, and bandwidth as key features of the system, to increase safety, reliability, and comfort of vehicles. This requires the “provision” and “application” of the guaranteed availability, reliability, and bandwidth. Thus, the introduction of FlexRay as communication technology also raises questions concerning its impact on the development process as well as the verification of the intended properties, besides the technical features of the protocol discussed in the previous sections.
Managing complex, modular products: how technological uncertainty affects the role of systems integrators in the automotive supply chain
Published in International Journal of Production Research, 2018
Adrian E. Coronado Mondragon, Christian E. Coronado Mondragon
The FlexRay protocol is a communication network which is a fault-tolerant, high-speed bus system (www.freescale.com/webapp/sps/site/overview.jsp?code=FLEXRAY; www.ni.com). FlexRay provides error containment and delivers time determinism performance needed for by-wire critical applications (http://www.ni.com/white-paper/3352/en). Fault tolerance is achieved by allowing single or dual-channel redundancy communication; hence, critical safety applications have the required critical redundancy since data is transmitted using two channels. Typically, FlexRay’s data transfer rate is 10 MBit/sec on two channels or a gross data rate up to 20 Mbit/s. Figure 3 depicts the use of FlexRay as an architecture supporting various by-wire applications developed by different suppliers and used in a finished product, in this case a motor vehicle. For example, Figure 3 shows steering-by-wire, brake-by-wire, gas-by-wire (throttle) and there can be many more.
Communication-protocol-based analysis and synthesis of networked systems: progress, prospects and challenges
Published in International Journal of Systems Science, 2021
Lei Zou, Zidong Wang, Jun Hu, Yurong Liu, Xiaohui Liu
FlexRay is a deterministic communication protocol that is widely employed in automotive control. Under the effects of FlexRay, the transmission order of network nodes are orchestrated according to a pre-set communication cycles composed of a static segment and a dynamic segment that are periodically repeated. In W. Wang et al. (2015), an emulation controller has been developed for nonlinear NSs subject to FlexRay scheduling based on the IHSB framework. Considering the case that the transmission delays are larger than the transmission intervals, the predictive control problem has been studied in Sun et al. (2016) for nonlinear systems subject to communication protocols. The neural network is an effective tool dealing with nonlinear systems. In D. Ding, Wang, et al. (2019a, 2019b), the neural-network-based output-feedback control problem has been investigated for nonlinear systems subject to communication protocols, where the adaptive dynamic programming method has been employed to handle the controller design issue. In Y. Li et al. (2019), a neural-network-based adaptive controller has been designed for bilateral teleoperation systems with multiple slaves under Round-Robin scheduling protocol. The ultimate boundedness control problem issue has been addressed in Zou, Wang, Han, et al. (2017) for a class of nonlinear NSs subject to TOD protocol scheduling, where the desired controller gains are derived by solving a convex optimisation problem. The T-S fuzzy modelling method is one of the most widely employed approaches to handle nonlinear systems. In Y. Dong et al. (2020), the fuzzy model predictive control problem has been considered for discrete-time Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy systems under a so-called event-triggering-based TODprotocol.