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Wireless Network Security for Health Applications
Published in Syed Ijlal Ali Shah, Mohammad Ilyas, Hussein T. Mouftah, Pervasive Communications Handbook, 2017
When compared to wired networks, there are four generic limitations of all wireless devices: (1) limited power, (2) limited communications bandwidth, (3) limited processing power, and (4) relatively unreliable network connection. The bandwidth available to wireless systems is usually an order of magnitude (or even more) less than that available to a wired device. The processing power is limited due to limited space/cost in case of fixed wireless devices typically used for Wi-Fi networks, and is further limited due to power constraints in other wireless devices. In general, wireless networks are not very reliable. Protocols have been designed to take this lack of reliability into account and to try to improve it. However, in designing these protocols, choices have to be made about the size of the packets and frames to be used. Such decisions can have a profound impact on the effectiveness and efficiency of cryptographic protocols.
Introduction Optical Wireless Communication Systems
Published in Z. Ghassemlooy, W. Popoola, S. Rajbhandari, ®, 2017
Z. Ghassemlooy, W. Popoola, S. Rajbhandari
As for the fixed wireless access schemes, the options are as follows: Worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMax), which is based on the IEEE 802.16d standard for fixed broadband wireless access with theoretical data rates up to 120 Mbps over a line-of-sight (LOS) link range of 50 km.Broadband over power line (BPL) using the existing comprehensive wired network.Ultrawideband (UWB) technology, which bypasses the spectrum regulation, offers good propagation characteristics over a range less than a few tens of metres. With the introduction of microcells with reduced distances between transmitter and user, up to 1 km, higher data rates and mobile broadband services could be offered to a large number of end users. This will require the development of very high-capacity short-range links connecting the base station to the MSC, which in turn could be connected to the main trunk network via optical fibre cables.
WiMAX — A Revolution
Published in G. S. V. Radha Krishna Rao, G. Radhamani, WiMAX, 2007
G. S. V. Radha Krishna Rao, G. Radhamani
WiMAX also has every potential to replace a number of existing world communication infrastructures. In the fixed wireless region, it can replace the telephone copper wire networks and cable TV coaxial cable infrastructure, and in the cellular zone WiMAX has the capacity to take the place of existing cellular networks. The most important point about it is that you get all its services cheaper compared to the services from established technologies such as ADSL, cable, and fiber optics, etc. [92]. The working system of WiMAX is very different from that of Wi-Fi, which is described as Internet hot spots. WiMAX is potentially better in terms of coverage, self-installation, power consumption, and bandwidth efficiency when compared to Wi-Fi. WiMAX is capable of full mobility support. It has broken away many of the Wi-Fi limitations by providing increased bandwidth and stronger encryption. It provides connectivity between two network terminals by completely avoiding the use of wires and cables.
Planar Microstrip Patch Antenna Arrays with Semi-elliptical Slotted Patch and ground Structure for 5G Broadband Communication Systems
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2022
Ayane L. Goshu, Mulugeta T. Gemeda, Kinde A. Fante
The LMDS band can be used by several applications that make use of the ability to implement the configurations of fixed PTP (point-to-point) and PTMP (point-to-multi-point), as well as high-speed connectivity. It is suitable to be used for high-speed backhaul, fixed wireless access (FWA), and mobile applications (Tezergil & Onur, 2021). The advancements in wireless technology require antennas with low weight, low profile, low cost, easily mass manufacturable, compatible with planar and non-planar surfaces, and mechanically stable when mounted on rigid surfaces (Sridevi & Mahendran, 2017). From this perspective, a microstrip patch antenna can be considered a viable technological solution. It is ideal for installing on spacecraft, satellites, aircraft, vehicles, and portable communication devices on the outside (Fante & Gemeda, 2021).
Technology Forecasting in the Mobile Telecommunication Industry: A Case Study Towards the 5G Era
Published in Engineering Management Journal, 2021
Gokhan Kalem, Ozalp Vayvay, Bahar Sennaroglu, Hakan Tozan
Mobile internet and Internet of Things (IoT) can be regarded as two significant factors driving the evolution of mobile technologies toward 2020 and beyond. The International Telecommunications Union identified enhanced mobile broadband, massive machine type communication, and ultra-reliable low latency communication as the three main pillars of 5G (Liu et al., 2018) to incorporate the things, machines, and in more general terms various vertical sectors into the ecosystem. Furthermore, many new business cases targeting industrial players as potential users of 5G are expected to come up with this novel mobile technology; it is forecast that 31 billion IoT devices will be deployed all over the world by 2020 (Sadique et al., 2018). Fixed Wireless Access (FWA) is another important use case for 5G networks because it provides Gigabit-level speeds over the air for residences, offices, and data-exhausted areas where end-to-end fiber optic networks are not available. In the end, the 5G ecosystem seems to be a key solution to address all these requirements while the mobile connectivity demand becomes more extensive than ever.
Methods of Data Collection in Nuclear Power Plants
Published in Nuclear Technology, 2019
Ahmad Al Rashdan, Shawn St. Germain
For areas that require more frequent rounds, a fixed wireless unit with a suite of the mentioned sensors can be installed in optimal locations to eliminate the need for operator rounds. Environment sensors can be used in correlation with the plant process sensors and equipment-specific sensors (as described in the Secs. II.A and II.B) to reduce the need for operator rounds. For temporary round locations, mobile sensing units equipped with sensors and other data collection methods, such as optical and thermal cameras, can be mounted at a certain location or on a portable holder to monitor a specific area.