China 
Africa 
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
The Role of Smart Data in Inference of Human Behavior and Interaction
Published in Kuan-Ching Li, Beniamino DiMartino, Laurence T. Yang, Qingchen Zhang, Smart Data, 2019
Rute C. Sofia, Liliana Carvalho, Francisco M. Pereira
More recently, there has been a surge of interest in supporting device-to-device communication due to exploiting direct communication between nearby devices. Taking advantage of the temporal–spatial device proximity, it is feasible to improve spectrum utilization, overall throughput, and energy consumption. This optimization is relevant in the context of exploring new peer-to-peer and location-based applications, and services. Proximity modeling is relevant as well to devise new communication models, complementary to current infrastructures, e.g., people-to-people communication in emergency scenarios.
Internet of Things
Published in Vikas Kumar Jha, Bishwajeet Pandey, Ciro Rodriguez Rodriguez, Network Evolution and Applications, 2023
Vikas Kumar Jha, Bishwajeet Pandey, Ciro Rodriguez Rodriguez
The device-to-device communication model represents two or more devices connecting and communicating directly, not through an intermediary application server. These devices communicate over many networks, including IP networks or the Internet. However, protocols such as Bluetooth, Z-Wave, or Zigbee are often used to establish direct device-to-device communications.
Resource allocation of offshore ships' communication system based on D2D technology
Published in Systems Science & Control Engineering, 2022
Yu Wang, Jiaming Zhang, Shuo Xu, Baihai Zhang
Device-to-Device (D2D) communication is a technology that enables direct communication without the base station as a relay for data transmission. As a current supplementary communication mechanism for cellular networks, D2D communication technology can not only improve the efficiency of the system's spectrum utilization but also reduce delay and loss, mitigate the load on the base station, and improve the throughput of the system network (Ahmad et al., 2017; Arun et al., 2019). In the environment of the communication system for offshore ships, the introduction of D2D communication technology can realize the specific business requirements of the communication between ships and ships, ships and base stations, realize the self-organized network of ship navigation based on Ad Hoc network, and broaden the distance range of offshore ship communication.
Wearable electronic textiles
Published in Textile Progress, 2019
David Tyler, Jane Wood, Tasneem Sabir, Chloe McDonnell, Abu Sadat Muhammad Sayem, Nick Whittaker
Device to Device uses low-power protocols such as Bluetooth, Z-Wave or Zigbee as it involves transmitting small amounts of data. Such protocols are low power using and are ideal for IoT sensor network situations [210]. As regards power consumption, Z-Wave, Bluetooth and ZigBee have a power consumption of 1 mw, 10 mw, and 100 mw respectively. Wi-Fi has a high power consumption. In terms of range of transmission, Wi-Fi has a range of up to 1 km, with ZigBee 100 m, Z-Wave having 30 m, and Bluetooth with the lowest having 10 m.