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Dynamics of a Sustainable Energy Transition
Published in Muhammad Asif, Handbook of Energy Transitions, 2023
Energy efficiency is a broad domain in terms of the nature of facilities, types of energy losses and wastes, and the range of solutions available to improve the efficiency. Given the technological and policy advancements, the field of energy efficiency is continuously evolving. In terms of fundamental approach, energy efficiency solutions can be broadly classified into three types, as shown in Figure 1.8. An energy efficiency program, typically involving eradication of the unnecessary use of energy and improvement in the efficiency of the required energy, starts with an energy audit exercise. The type of energy audit to be carried out primarily depends upon the scope and objectives of the intended energy efficiency program. The energy audit process is also influenced by factors like available resources (funding, manpower, and time), type of facility, and provision of data and support. Detailed energy management programs can also include execution of the recommended solutions and post-implementation measurement and verification work to ensure the desired energy-saving goals are achieved.
Integrated Architecture Pedagogy for Energy Efficient Design
Published in Kailas L. Wasewar, Sumita Neti Rao, Sustainable Engineering, Energy, and the Environment, 2022
Aparna Tarar, Shrutee Dhanorkar Yeolekar
There are multiple approaches that can be adopted to achieve the energy efficiency in the buildings: Climatic study and application of bioclimatic architectural principles, a climate-responsive approach in building design.Building planning and design level considerations to meet the need of thermal and visual comfort of the occupant by providing optimum natural lighting and ventilation.Integration of, passive heating and cooling techniques in building design to minimize the load.Use of low embodied building material with efficient structural system, and reduction of transportation energy.Designing energy efficient lighting, heating, and ventilation/air conditioning systems of building.Use of renewable energy systems to meet some part of total building load such as, use of solar energy.
Energy and Environment
Published in T.M. Aggarwal, Environmental Control in Thermal Power Plants, 2021
Incentives for investing in energy efficiency technologies and measures include targeted grants or subsidies, tax relief, and loans for investments in energy efficiency. Grants or subsidies are public funds given directly to the party implementing an energy efficiency project. A recent survey found that 28 countries provide some sort of grant or subsidy for industrial energy efficiency projects (WEC, 2004). In Denmark, energy-intensive industries and companies participating in voluntary agreements were given priority in the distribution of grants and subsidies (DEA, 2000). The Netherland’s BSET Programme covered up to 25% of the costs for specific energy efficiency technologies adopted by small or medium sized industrial enterprises (Kræmer et al., 1997).
A whole building life-cycle assessment methodology and its application for carbon footprint analysis of U.S. commercial buildings
Published in Journal of Building Performance Simulation, 2023
Hao Zhang, Jie Cai, James E. Braun
The building sector accounts for approximately 39% of the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and 40% of the total energy consumption in the U.S. (Fumo, Mago, and Luck 2010). As building owners are increasingly aspiring towards more environment-friendly products, energy efficient technologies have seen significant advancements over the past few years, such as light emitting diode (LED) lights, variable-speed heat pumps, district heating/cooling equipment, etc. In addition, national/regional renewable portfolio regulations (e.g. the California rooftop solar photovoltaic mandate (California Energy Commission 2018) have led to the emergence of net-zero or near net-zero energy buildings (Crawley, Pless, and Torcellini 2009) that can achieve energy neutrality through combinations of efficient end-use equipment and on-site renewable generation. Although advanced technologies can be effective in reducing building site energy uses, studies have shown that some energy efficient features rely on materials that have significant embodied carbon and in some cases, it can require tens of years’ operation before the reduction of CO2 emissions in the operation phase surpass the embodied carbon (Ghattas et al. 2013). Thus, there is a need for a comprehensive life-cycle environmental impact assessment methodology for building efficiency measures.
Examining energy efficiency requirements in building energy standards: Implications of sustainable energy consumption
Published in Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy, 2022
Junaid Tippu, Subramaniam Saravanasankar, Bathrinath Sankaranarayanan, Syed Mithun Ali, V. G. Venkatesh, Syed Shuibul Qarnain, Muthuvel Sattanathan
The existing lighting and energy-intensive patterns have given rise to an emerging energy crisis that must be addressed urgently (Santamouris et al. 2001). Built-in lighting systems (R6) consume energy for illumination. Between 1997 and 2010, lighting in the residential sector in the EU accounted for approximately 2.5% of the energy. However, after applying energy-efficiency policies, there has been a considerable reduction in lighting energy (Allouhi et al. 2015). As buildings’ heating, cooling, and lighting account for energy consumption, passive energy sources, such as energy should be used for energy efficiency in buildings (Gupta, Tiwari, and Tiwari 2017). Kotti, Teli, and James (2017) proposed several methods to reduce the energy consumption in buildings using thermal bridges (Santamouris et al. 2001). They also introduced several cost-effective models for the heating and cooling of a building. Thermal bridges are passive technologies that have the potential to reduce the energy consumption in buildings.
Research on the evaluation of China’s regional energy security and influencing factors
Published in Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy, 2022
Technological progress is conducive to energy security. The significance of technological progress is that advanced technology can improve traditional oil, coal, natural gas, and other energy extraction and utilization technologies. Through the development of new energy sources, the development and utilization of renewable energy can be promoted to ensure the security of energy supply and improve energy efficiency. Achieving technical energy saving and increasing the added value of energy products require technological support, which can enhance the energy security. The positive impact of technological progress on energy efficiency has been recognized by Díaz and Puch (2019), Li and Lin (2018), and Liu et al. (2020). Li and Lin (2018) suggest that technological progress improves energy efficiency, and that Hicks’ neutral technological progress directly promotes energy productivity.