China
Africa
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Blockchain and Artificial Intelligence–Based Radio Access Network Slicing for 6G Networks
Published in Vinay Rishiwal, Sudeep Tanwar, Rashmi Chaudhry, Blockchain for 6G-Enabled Network-Based Applications, 2023
Ying Loong Lee, Allyson Gek Hong Sim, Li-Chun Wang, Teong Chee Chuah
NFV allows various core network functions to be virtualized, so-called virtual network functions (VNFs) and grouped under an SDN paradigm to form core network slices. Each could be tailored to meet certain requirements of a particular service. These VNFs include packet forwarding functions, mobility management, session management, policy enforcement, etc., which can be flexibly and dynamically linked or released according to the needs of different network slices supporting different MNOs or services [13]. The main advantage of core network slicing is that it can simplify the protocol stack of a core network slice according to the specifications and requirements of the supported service.
The Future of Wireless Access
Published in Marcus K. Weldon, The Future X Network, 2018
Harish Viswanathan, Theodore Sizer
NFV is already transforming core network elements that were previously on dedicated hardware, promising OPEX and CAPEX savings for operators. Similarly, software-defined networking (SDN) is enabling dynamic control of network services in the data center and wide area networks between data centers. 5G will offer the first opportunity to design a mobile core network that embraces SDN and NFV as a fundamental aspect of the architecture, instead of merely an alternative implementation approach for a mobile core. The new core architecture will allow the benefits of SDN and NFV to be fully realized in ways not possible with today’s mobile network standards.
Core Network and Operational Support System
Published in Saad Z. Asif, 5G Mobile Communications Concepts and Technologies, 2018
Core network is the segment that connects the RAN with operators' in-house application servers, IP multimedia subsystem or the Internet. It is comprised of both circuit switched and packet switched elements. Historically, it supported only circuit switched (CS) services, but later with the advent of 3G it started to support packet switched (PS) services as well. LTE and 4G systems only require PS support and with the passage of time, core networks are expected to only provide for IP/Ethernet services.
Security challenges in the transition to 4G mobile systems in developing countries
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2023
Fanuel Melak Asmare, Lijaddis Getnet Ayalew
The 4 G core network has been integrated with other networks such as the Internet, resulting in additional vulnerabilities and easy access for malicious attackers via the Core Network Servers. While 1 G and 2 G networks were vulnerable to Single Infrastructure cyberattacks, 3 G and 4 G networks are also susceptible to Cross Infrastructure cyberattacks (Vachhani,).