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From Design Issues to Validation: Machine Learning in Biomedical Engineering
Published in Saravanan Krishnan, Ramesh Kesavan, B. Surendiran, G. S. Mahalakshmi, Handbook of Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering, 2021
In general, database follows a relational database structure. Figure 2.5 shows a sample patient relation (Healthcare, 2019). The advantage of a database over traditional file structure is that database provides data consistency and integrity. It further avoids data inconsistency. The relational databases fail to integrate the knowledge of the domain to the raw data. To achieve the same, an advanced database architecture can be adapted, which is the object-oriented database. The features of object-oriented modeling like a combination of procedures and data, hierarchy, and inheritance is adapted to integrate the knowledge base to the raw database. Further, object-oriented databases are highly adaptable and can be used in the inclusion of temporal data.
A smart manufacturing adoption framework for SMEs
Published in International Journal of Production Research, 2020
Sameer Mittal, Muztoba Ahmad Khan, Jayant Kishor Purohit, Karan Menon, David Romero, Thorsten Wuest
A readiness assessment can help in determining the present financial and technical conditions of an SME, and the employees’ skills available at the enterprise (Ganzarain and Errasti 2016). Therefore, there is a need to integrate a ‘readiness assessment’ with a ‘maturity model’ (Mittal, Romero, and Wuest 2018b). Data generation, data transmission, data storage, and data analysis (including data processing, and data visualisation) are the broad steps in a data-hierarchy (Tao et al. 2018). Once the manufacturing data present in the organisation and the toolbox involved are identified, we can assess the readiness of the data-hierarchy step (see Appendix II). For example, based on the energy consumption cost data, it can be identified that the SME is at the beginning level of ‘Fabrication/Manufacturing Toolbox’, during the data generation stage (see Table 5).