China
Africa
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Survey of Watermarking Techniques and Applications
Published in Borko Furht, Darko Kirovski, Multimedia Watermarking Techniques and Applications, 2006
The objective of a copy protection application is to control access to and prevent illegal copying of copyrighted content. It is an important application, especially for digital content, because digital copies can be easily made, they are perfect reproductions of the original, and they can easily and inexpensively be distributed over the Internet with no quality degradation.
Survey of Watermarking Techniques and Applications
Published in Borko Furht, Darko Kirovski, Multimedia Security Handbook, 2004
The objective of a copy protection application is to control access to and prevent illegal copying of copyrighted content. It is an important application, especially for digital content, because digital copies can be easily made, they are perfect reproductions of the original, and they can easily and inexpensively be distributed over the Internet with no quality degradation.
Telephone networks, BBSes, and the emergence of the transnational ‘warez scene’
Published in History and Technology, 2019
Here I argue that the use of telephone networks as a means of transnational software distribution is an instance of actors setting up a convergent media environment driven by the cultural logic of a specific subculture. ‘The scene’ was structured by small groups of ‘crackers’ tasked with copy protection removal and ‘traders’, or ‘swappers’, tasked with the distribution of software. A single scene group was organized on the basis of the division of labor and included both crackers and traders. Such small groups fiercely competed with each other. This media convergence took place because the cultural logic of ‘the scene’ dictated that the range of contacts of a specific group and the quickness of distribution of recently released ‘warez’, were primary indicators of its ‘fame’; that is, the position of a single group in the informal subcultural hierarchy. The swiftness of releasing ‘warez’ and a wide range of transnational contacts defined the so-called elite group. I will investigate how such competition led to the appropriation of BBS technology as an efficient channel of software distribution. Such adoption contributed particularly strongly to the transnational expansion of ‘warez’ distribution.