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Network Framework
Published in Yi Qiu, Puxiang Xiong, Tianlong Zhu, The Design and Implementation of the RT-Thread Operating System, 2020
Yi Qiu, Puxiang Xiong, Tianlong Zhu
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is a connection-oriented protocol used to ensure reliable data transmission. Through the TCP protocol transmission, a sequential error-free data stream is obtained. The TCP-based socket programming flow diagram is shown in Figure 16.5. A connection must be established between the sender and the receiver's two sockets in order to communicate on the TCP protocol. When a socket (usually a server socket) waits for a connection to be established another socket can request a connection. Once the two sockets are connected, they can perform two-way data transmission, and both sides can send or receive data. A TCP connection is a reliable connection that guarantees that packets arrive in order, and if packet loss occurs, the packet is automatically resent.
Multimedia Communication and Networking Issues
Published in Sreeparna Banerjee, Elements of Multimedia, 2019
However, the transmission control protocol/Internet protocol (TCP/IP) is a more practical protocol than OSI. This protocol has five layers (Table 10.1) and has gained wider acceptance. It is connection-oriented and provides reliable data transfer between pairs of communicating processes across the network. TCP relies on IP to deliver the message to the destination computer specified by its IP address. TCP is slow, however, and in many real-time multimedia applications such as streaming video and voice over IP (VOIP), speed of transmission is the most important criterion. In such cases, the user datagram protocol (UDP), a connectionless protocol is used. A comparison of the multimedia protocol stack with OSI layers and a TCP/IP stack is given in Table 10.1.
Legacy to Current-Day Telephone Networks
Published in Stephan S. Jones, Ronald J. Kovac, Frank M. Groom, Introduction to COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGIES, 2015
Stephan S. Jones, Ronald J. Kovac, Frank M. Groom
Connection-oriented transmissions are a reliable form of packet transmission because there is a constant acknowledgment process that takes place between the sender and receiver. One of the most used connection-oriented protocols on the Internet is TCP. To transmit packets using TCP, the sender and receiver must complete a “three-way handshake,” where they exchange three messages confirming that each party is accurately receiving them. Then the sender is cleared to transmit data. The receiver checks the sequence number of each packet to make sure that he/she is receiving each packet in order. If a packet is not received, or received out of order, the missing packets are resent, starting from the packet that caused the error. It is a lengthy process that can take much longer than the connectionless approach, but it ensures that there are no errors during packet transmissions. You will learn more about packet switching and TCP in Chapters 7 and 8.
An international value chain of China’s manufacturing industry based on big data technology
Published in Journal of Control and Decision, 2023
Liu Ning, Shen Zhifeng, Zang Jianglong, Li Xialing
As in the previous section, the time series of can be obtained in equation (16). The data mining model well describes the mechanism of window behaviour in TCP networks by a stochastic approach. The stochastic approach is a method used to analyze TCP networks by modelling network traffic as a random process. This approach helps to understand how the TCP congestion control algorithm responds to network congestion and how different network parameters affect its performance. By using mathematical models such as Markov chains, the probability of events such as packet loss and congestion window reduction is analyzed and use this information to optimise the TCP congestion control algorithm and improve network stability and performance. In fact, represents the random perturbation of the window size. is in fact a poisson harness (martingale) process, which can also be expressed as a Brownian motion . Since the integral function is Lebesgue integrable, it can also be written as equation (17), and it tends to ‘0’ when is small. Therefore, formula (16) can be a good description of the AIMD mechanism of TCP protocol. TCP is significant because it defines the standards and optimal procedures for information transmission over the internet. It serves as the framework for the internet as it is currently and secures that data transmission is carried out consistently regardless of the location, hardware, or software involved. TCP makes sure that the data receives at its destination in the identical same sequence that it was transmitted. TCP is connection-oriented; moreover, it provides mechanisms for recovery and error checking.