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Energy Management/For Going Green
Published in Dale R. Patrick, Stephen W. Fardo, Ray E. Richardson, Brian W. Fardo, Energy Conservation Guidebook, 2020
Dale R. Patrick, Stephen W. Fardo, Ray E. Richardson, Brian W. Fardo
In order to operate on computer networks, each system needs to be compatible with existing standards for computer networking. TCP/IP, which stands for Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol is one of the standard protocols for communication via the Internet. Also, consideration must be made for formatting that is compatible with the World Wide Web (WWW). Any automation system that desires remote connectivity must be compatible with the languages that format WWW page layout, tags, links, and other types of tools available to authors and designers of WWW pages. These standards exist to ensure text and graphics can exist on a page that is viewable in a web browser. The first language was HTML, HyperText Markup Language, and most web pages are now authored with XML, or Extensible Markup Language. Other computer network considerations include the assigning of a unique address within a network, error checking, and ultimately a compatibility with existing Ethernet architecture for data transfer. Without compatibility with such standards, no HVAC automation system will be compatible with computer networks of today.
Network Framework
Published in Yi Qiu, Puxiang Xiong, Tianlong Zhu, The Design and Implementation of the RT-Thread Operating System, 2020
Yi Qiu, Puxiang Xiong, Tianlong Zhu
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is a connection-oriented protocol used to ensure reliable data transmission. Through the TCP protocol transmission, a sequential error-free data stream is obtained. The TCP-based socket programming flow diagram is shown in Figure 16.5. A connection must be established between the sender and the receiver's two sockets in order to communicate on the TCP protocol. When a socket (usually a server socket) waits for a connection to be established another socket can request a connection. Once the two sockets are connected, they can perform two-way data transmission, and both sides can send or receive data. A TCP connection is a reliable connection that guarantees that packets arrive in order, and if packet loss occurs, the packet is automatically resent.
Netflow Feature Evaluation for the Detection of Slow Read HTTP Attacks
Published in Stuart H Rubin, Lydia Bouzar-Benlabiod, Reuse in Intelligent Systems, 2020
Cliff Kemp, Chad Calvert, Taghi M Khoshgoftaar
Slow Read attacks represent a method in which the attacker keeps the connection open by receiving the response from the server slowly, using a minimal TCP window size. TCP is the primary protocol of most modern networks, including the Internet. TCP is a reliable protocol that determines whether or not packets have been received and provides an ordered, and error-checked delivery of a stream of bytes between applications running on hosts. Part of the TCP specification RFC 1122 [3] allows a receiver to advertise a zero-byte window, instructing the sender to maintain the connection, but not send additional TCP payload data. The sender should then probe the receiver to check if the receiver is ready to accept data. By advertising a zero receive window and acknowledging probes, a malicious receiver can cause a sender to consume resources (TCP state, buffers, and application memory), preventing the targeted service or system from handling legitimate connections.
An investigation on adaptive HTTP media streaming Quality-of-Experience (QoE) and agility using cloud media services
Published in International Journal of Computers and Applications, 2021
Selvaraj Kesavan, E. Saravana Kumar, Abhishek Kumar, K. Vengatesan
Progressive download is used for file download and render at the same time. The streaming file is downloaded from web server to the client device. As soon as the file downloads starts, client invokes the media player to play after sizable data available in the client play out buffer. Sometimes the buffer overrun happens when the download rate exceeds the playback rate. Progressive download uses HTTP (Hypertext transport protocol) over TCP (Transport control protocol). TCP is a reliable protocol optimized for guarantee of delivery, irrespective of file format or size and it controls the actual packet transport over the IP network. Packet retransmission consumes extra bandwidth and time which restricts the real time end user experience. Regardless of bandwidth drop or surge, the video representation remains same for the entire duration. HTTP Web servers keep pushing the data flowing until the download is completed. It uses the existing web infrastructure and does not require any additional set up.
A robust fractional-order PID controller design based on active queue management for TCP network
Published in International Journal of Systems Science, 2018
Hamideh Hamidian, Mohammad T. H. Beheshti
Data transmission on the Internet is effective and reliable. Transmission control protocol (TCP) is one of the principal parts of the Internet protocol. The number of users who access to the Internet at the same time could be unpredictable; therefore, congestion may occur in the network which leads to high rates of packet loss (Ashtiani, Moradi Pour, & Nikpour, 2012). Many integer order controllers have been proposed for the congestion control in TCP networks such as PD (Sun, Chen, Ko, Chan, & Zukerman, 2003), PID (Yanfei, fengyuan, & Chuang, 2003) PI (Hammouri, Liberatore, Branicky, & Phillips, 2006) PI and PID (Ustebay, Ozbay, & Gundes, 2007), PI (Hong & Yang, 2008), PID (Alvarez, 2012), PID (Ashtiani et al., 2012) and so on.
Ant Colony Optimization based on Pareto optimality: application to a congested router controlled by PID regulation
Published in Systems Science & Control Engineering, 2018
Samira Chebli, Ahmed Elakkary, Nacer Sefiani
The main property of TCP is to guarantee reliable communication on the Internet. Congestion occurs when a link or node is carrying so much data that its quality of service deteriorates. To correct the problems with tail-drop buffer management, Floyd and Jacobsen introduced the concept of AQM, in which the routing nodes use a more sophisticated algorithm called RED to manage their queues (Chiu & Jain, 1989). Different algorithms were proposed and introduced into the Internet routers such as BLUE, REM or AVQ (Low et al., 2002; Ohsaki et al., 2009).