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Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
Published in Hossam Fattah, LTE™ Cellular Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT), 2021
Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is a protocol for World Wide Web (WWW) communication between web clients and servers. Communication between client computers and web servers is done by sending HTTP requests and receiving HTTP responses. Clients are often browsers (Chrome, Edge, Safari), but they can be any type of program or device. Servers can be in the cloud. HTTPS is the secure version of HTTP. HTTPS is encrypted in order to increase security of data transfer. Every time you visit a website starting with HTTPS, a public/private key encryption is being used. It is the basis of SSL and TLS encryption, which is employed for HTTPS communications. In this chapter, you will learn how to use HTTP and HTTPS using the NB board.
Cloud Computing Development Tools
Published in Sunilkumar Manvi, Gopal K. Shyam, Cloud Computing, 2021
Sunilkumar Manvi, Gopal K. Shyam
DeltaCloud is used in applications such as Aeolus to prevent the need to implement Cloud-specific logic. Fig. 10.2 shows DeltaCloud betweem HTTP client and IaaS Cloud providers. Client-server is a relationship in which one program (the client) requests a service or resource from another program (the server). The DeltaCloud API is designed as a RESTful web service and comes with client libraries for all major programming languages. Additional drivers for accessing further public or private Clouds can be created with minimal effort.
Net Centric Architectures
Published in Barney L. Capehart, Lynne C. Capehart, Paul J. Allen, David C. Green, Web Based Energy Information and Control Systems:, 2021
Klaus E. Pawlik, David C. Green, Paul J. Allen
The presentation layer displays information to the end-user through the client application. It provides two-way communication between the end-user and the web server layer. The presentation layer works the same way regardless of whether the content is delivered by N-tier or 2-tier web architecture. It may consist of a web browser, a smart device, or some other user-interface (UI) or graphical user-interface (GUI). Typical examples of client applications include Microsoft Internet Explorer (IE) or Netscape.
Architecture and Governance of Digital Business Ecosystems: A Systematic Literature Review
Published in Information Systems Management, 2023
Abide Coskun-Setirek, Maria Carmela Annosi, William Hurst, Wilfred Dolfsma, Bedir Tekinerdogan
The selected DBE articles were also reviewed in terms of architectural design. Various architectural patterns, such as client-server, peer-to-peer (P2P), service-oriented architecture (SOA), layered, cloud, publish-subscribe (Pub/Sub), Representational State Transfer (REST), hub-and-spoke, and fog-based, reported either singly or combined in 32 DBE architecture articles. The client-server architecture, also known as a two-tier architecture application, involves a server application that is reached directly by multiple clients, receives client request and respond to the clients (Javed et al., 2020). Multitier (n-Tier) architecture, is a client-server architecture that functions are separated more than two tiers (Figay et al., 2012). In a P2P architecture, every participating system can play the client as well as the server role, the roles can be changed dynamically so that it does not depend on the central server (Kim & Kim, 2018). SOA integrates software components that have been separately deployed, and traditionally has an integration strategy based on the enterprise service bus (ESB) technology for communication among software applications in different modules (Appio et al., 2018; Kuk & Janssen, 2013; Reforgiato Recupero et al., 2016).
Efficient resource management techniques in cloud computing environment: a review and discussion
Published in International Journal of Computers and Applications, 2019
Frederic Nzanywayingoma, Yang Yang
The aggregation switch in the aggregation layer forwards traffic from multiple ToR switches to the core layer. A core router in core layer is a router designed to operate in the Internet backbone and must support multiple communication interfaces of the fastest speed and must be able to forward IP packets at full speed on all of them. It monitors communication channels between internal networks and external networks to prevent risks on external networks from affecting internal networks. Load balancers receive data traffic and increase effective network bandwidth by distributing network connection requests to multiple servers using a distribution algorithm. A server is a computer program running to serve the requests of other programs, the “clients” such as sharing data, information or hardware and software resources (i.e. file server, mail server, print server, web server, application server, so on.)
Modelling and temporal evaluation of networked control systems using timed automata with guards and (max,+) algebra
Published in International Journal of Systems Science, 2018
The client/server network architecture (Figure 1) is a distributed application structure that parts workloads between the servers, i.e. the providers of a service, and the clients, i.e. the service requesters. Generally, PLCs are considered in NCS as clients and Remote I/O Modules (RIOM) as servers. The components of the NCS communicate over a computer network. Figure 2 shows an NCS working under client/server protocol. The representation at the data exchange zones in Figure 2 (memory and FIFO stack) is such that the arrows arriving above or below the exchange zone correspond to the event triggering the transfer while the arrows connected to the right or left sides correspond to the actual transfer of data.