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BASIC Stamp Microcontroller
Published in Ferat Sahin, Pushkin Kachroo, Practical and Experimental Robotics, 2017
The SEROUT command is used to send asynchronous serial data. The term asynchronous means “no clock.” More specifically, asynchronous serial communication means data is transmitted and received without the use of a separate “clock” wire. Data can be sent using only two wires: one for data and one for the ground. In contrast, synchronous serial communication uses at least three wires: one for the clock, one for data, and one for the ground. The PC’s serial ports (also called COM ports or RS-232 ports) use asynchronous serial communication. RS-232 is the electrical specification for the signals that PC serial ports use. Unlike normal logic, where 5 volts is logic 1 and 0 volts is logic 0, RS-232 uses -12 volts for logic 1 and +12 volts for logic 0. This specification allows communication over longer wire lengths without amplification.
Implementation of Digital Control Using Digital Signal Processors
Published in Ali Emadi, Alireza Khaligh, Zhong Nie, Young Joo Lee, and Digital Control, 2017
Ali Emadi, Alireza Khaligh, Zhong Nie, Young Joo Lee
The asynchronous serial communication based on the RS-232 protocol is one of the helpful ways to transfer data between digital devices, although the communication speed is relatively slower than other up-to-date communication protocols. However, asynchronous communication using RS-232 is still widely used in many applications because of the easy implementation. In this chapter, the RS-232 serial communication is used for monitoring the internal operations of user program, which is a very useful technique to debug the user program, even when taking advantage of the processor emulators. Figure 16.17 presents the schematic of RS-232 communication for TSM320x281x DSP chips.
Modems and Interfaces
Published in Paul W. Ross, The Handbook of Software for Engineers and Scientists, 2018
RS-232D (usually just called “RS-232”) is used for lower data rates. Because most modems operate at relatively low data rates by computer standards, they use RS-232. The RS-232 standard defines up to 25 wires at the interface, but these are mostly not used, so serial port jacks with 9 and with 25 pins are both common. RS-232 is intended to be used with asynchronous data communication, where each character consists of 7 or 8 information bits plus “start” and “stop” bits. Because the start bit defines where the character starts, no other timing information is needed. This is the arrangement normally used to connect an external modem.
Development of a walking aid with remote electrocardiogram measurement and global positioning system function
Published in Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers, 2021
Hsi-Chiang Chou, Chun-Yen Huang
GPS is a commonly used positioning system. In this study, we employed a GY_GPS6MV2 that included an active antenna to be our GPS module. The transmission interface was a universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter (UART), and the data transmission rate was 9600 baud. To display anchor points in Google Maps, NMEA-0183 GPGLL format was used (Jain, Noorani, and Badole 2013). Regardless of cold or warm startup, the time length for initial search and position required by the module is 26 seconds. On the other hand, the required time length for the Aided Start, which means sending the information of time and location through the communication network to the system receiver, is 1 second. Because GPS data are received passively, meaning the data is processed after being sent by the GPS module, it is unnecessary to obtain the positioning data too frequently, one sample per second was recorded. Figure 7 illustrates the GPS data acquisition procedure.
Whole-body vibration and vertical road profile displacement power spectral density
Published in Vehicle System Dynamics, 2020
Peter Múčka, George Juraj Stein, Peter Tobolka
Garmin GPS 18x 5Hz is an Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) high-sensitivity GPS sensor that used National Marine Electronics Association (NMEA) transfer protocol NMEA 0183 for transmitting GPS data. Sampling frequency is 5 Hz, input DC voltage 4–5.5 V. Device was connected to a computer with RS 232 to USB adaptor ADAM 4561. Position accuracy is <3 m (95%) and velocity accuracy is 0.1 knot RMS steady state (1 knot = 1.852 km/h). Garmin GPS 18x 5Hz is RS 232 compatible asynchronous receiver and a transfer rate was 19,200 bounds. The NMEA 0183 output sentence GPRMC was used that includes Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) time and date, position data (latitude, longitude), speed over ground, course over ground, magnetic variation and mode indicator. Properties of this GPS sensor and its advantages in vehicle applications were reported in [63,64]. Garmin GPS 18x 5 Hz sensor gives similar results with the professional systems, enough accurate but at a much lower cost [63,64].
Applications of IoT Lab Kit in Educational Sector
Published in IETE Journal of Education, 2019
N. M. Shweta, V. Tulasi Dwarakanath, K. Nanda, S. Saha, V. P. Singh, P. Hari Babu, B. S. Bindhumadhava, G. L. Ganga Prasad
The SOC (System on Chip) for BLE applications belongs to ARM Cortes M0 series. The device has a dedicated expansion header for UbiSense. The device can be programmed by JTAG (Joint Test Action Group). It also has Rechargeable Li-Po (Lithium Polymer) battery which can be used for remote deployment. BLE Mote is embedded with 256 kB flash programme memory, 32 kB RAM, 1 × 32 bit Timer and 2 × 16 bit timers with counter mode, 8/9/10 bit ADC with eight configurable channels, Low power comparator and various Serial Communication Interfaces like SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface), UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmission), I2C (Inter Integrated Service). The device also supports External 8Mb Flash memory, 2.4 GHz (2.400–2.4835 GHz) ISM (Industrial Scientific and Medical) Band RF (Radio Frequency) Transceiver compliant to Bluetooth 4.0 LE (Low Energy), Programmable Transmit power of +4 dBm to −20 dBm (in 4 dB steps), AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) Hardware Encryption Engine. Figure 3 shows the BLE Mote device.