China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Agriculture Waste Composites
Published in Magdi El Messiry, Natural Fiber Textile Composite Engineering, 2017
The wood-plastic composite WPC are characterized as lightweight materials and easy to mold, allowing complex shapes. WPC end use covers the extensive variety products, especially to substitute the wood. The PP and polyester (PE) are widely used in manufacturing of WPC and the recycled polymers PP and PE [85]. WPC improves resistance to moisture and insects, and fungi attack. It was found that the composites with 30% wood sawdust also had higher water absorption, but water uptake is lower in composites with coupling agent, so this may have a protective effect against penetration of water. Innovative environmentally friendly processes for turning agricultural residues, like straw, into quality boards suitable for use in the furniture, construction, and the automotive and transportation industries are targeted by several researchers [86–88]. In general, ratio of 30% wood flour showed good physical and mechanical properties [88]. The polymers used with agro residuals are PE, PP, PVC, and PS with the coupling agents like Maleic anhydride and Hexamoll for PVC. The single or twin screw extruders are used, depending on the type of polymer [89, 90].
A review on waste wood reinforced polymer composites and their processing for construction materials
Published in International Journal of Sustainable Engineering, 2023
Katleho Keneuwe Khoaele, Oluwatoyin Joseph Gbadeyan, Viren Chunilall, Bruce Sithole
Wood plastic composite (WPC) refers to a blend of wood-based materials recovered from the sawmill industry, such as fibres, sawdust, lumber, veneer, or particles which are blended with biodegradable polymers such as thermoplastics or thermosetting from recycling to generate composite material (Friedrich 2022; Gardner, Han, and Wang 2015; Siddique et al. 2022). Though WPCs are low density, cost-effective, eco-friendly, recyclable, durable, stiff, good in strength, and low maintenance, their significant limit for polymers used requires processing conditions (pressure, melting temperature) that would not thermally decompose the wood filler as the wood decomposes around 220 °C (Srivabut et al. 2022). The properties of the composite comprise excellent stiffness, high strength, low thermal expansion, no catastrophic failure, and resistance to environmental and chemical factors (Amjad et al. 2021).
A circular economy use of waste wood sawdust for wood plastic composite production: effect of bio-plasticiser on the toughness
Published in International Journal of Sustainable Engineering, 2020
Nawadon Petchwattana, Phisut Naknaen, Borwon Narupai
Wood plastic composite (WPC) is widely known and used as a building material for the natural wood substitutions and waste utilisation. Its main compositions composed of the polymer matrix and wood sawdust (WS) or other natural fibres (Petchwattana et al. 2017; Prakash et al. 2018). In recent years, the new European bioeconomy strategy directs to promote the sustainable use of renewable resources such as wood and wood-based products. This aims to convert waste into new products or transform the industrial by-products into high value bio-based products (Sommerhuber, Welling, and Krause 2015; McCormick and Kautto 2013). Thus, WPC production is one of technologies which catagorized in the bioeconomy strategy.