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Pressure Profiles and Vent Flows for Well-Ventilated Enclosures
Published in Björn Karlsson, James G. Quintiere, Nils Johansson, Björn Karlsson, Enclosure Fire Dynamics, 2022
Björn Karlsson, James G. Quintiere
The expression for vent flow presented and discussed in this chapter does not account for any effects of wind. Local wind conditions (speed and direction) are hard to predict around buildings because the flow pattern will be dependent on the shape and presence of surrounding objects like other buildings, trees etc. Even for a single cubical-shaped building, the wind conditions during a fire will be impossible to predict, due to variations and unpredictable turbulence around the building.7 This is illustrated in Figure 5.19. The pressure caused by wind can influence the conditions in a building so it may be important to take into account in fire safety engineering. Węgrzyński, Lipecki, and Krajewski8 have done an extensive literature review and provided guidelines on how fire safety engineering and wind engineering can be coupled with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling. The purpose of this section is however to illustrate a simple method of how wind can be accounted for based on the theory presented previously in this chapter.
Why (and Why Not) to Get a Master's or Doctorate in Engineering
Published in Radovan Zdero, Practical Career Advice for Engineers, 2021
In my case, during my BE studies in mechanical engineering I chose to do 2 courses and my graduating thesis project in biomedical applications. Later, I did my ME in mechanical engineering with a research thesis in the area of aerodynamics or wind engineering. I investigated how wind flows around big overhead electrical power lines when they accumulate ice on their surface during winter. The ice actually forms into a teardrop or pear shape, so it acts like a small airplane wing. And once the wind starts to blow, the power lines can start to move up and down so violently that it damages the power lines and causes major electrical shortages. I did all sorts of interesting wind tunnel tests like using smoke visualization techniques and so on. I enjoyed my experience so much that I considered staying in this area for the rest of my career.
Application of computational fluid dynamics to wind loading
Published in John D. Holmes, Seifu A. Bekele, Wind Loading of Structures, 2020
John D. Holmes, Seifu A. Bekele
The advance and development of computer technology has led to more research on and usage of numerical methods. Analytical solutions for physical phenomena are limited to very few cases. This difficulty opens the door to numerical approximation by translating continuous phenomena to discrete approximations. The use of discrete approximations has been facilitated by the increased use of computers and advancement of numerical methods. The use of numerical methods for fluid structure problems has been a research subject for many years, but recently the emphasis has moved towards application to day-to-day engineering problems. The subject of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is now a standard course in many higher education institutes. The application of CFD for external fluid flow problem is more challenging due to high Reynolds number, turbulence and unbounded domain. The branch of Computational Fluid Dynamics applied to wind engineering has been named Computational Wind Engineering (CWE).
The performance of different unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes models mined by Fuzzy C-means algorithm with Fourier coefficient-based distance on the constructed vortex structures around a single building
Published in Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering, 2023
Fangli Du, Huiyuan Shen, Zhenjun Ma, Kehua Li, Kunrang Liu
Investigation of the flow around one bluff body such as tall buildings is important due to the presence of different urban wind engineering topics, such as the wind comfort for pedestrian, pollutant dispersion and building natural ventilation (Baker 2007; Moonen et al. 2012; Solari 2007; Tominaga and Stathopoulos 2016; Yang et al. 2020). Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis has been increasingly used to obtain the detailed flow information around the tall buildings in the urban environment (Blocken 2014, 2015; Kahsay, Bitsuamlak, and Tariku 2019; Wijesooriya et al. 2020; Zhang et al. 2020). Considering that the CFD results are highly dependent on the turbulence models, it is necessary to choose an appropriate turbulence model which could be applied precisely in a particular simulation situation (Hooff, Blocken, and Tominaga 2017; Longo et al. 2017; Mohamed and Wood 2017; Qureshi and Chan 2020; Ricci et al. 2020). In order to assure the quality of building wind environment simulation, several practice guidelines have been established which conclude the turbulence model application and computational settings (Meroney et al. 2016; Moen, Mauri, and Narasimhamurthy 2019; Rong et al. 2016; Yu and Thé 2016). Nevertheless, the accurate prediction of the flow around buildings including accurately simulating the vortex shedding, separation and reattachment is still an important and challenging task.
The Mecca Clock Tower Project: Structural Design and Construction of a Hybrid Tall Building
Published in Structural Engineering International, 2019
Wind loads, being the major relevant actions besides gravity loads, were applied based on wind tunnel tests conducted by two different wind engineering consultants and wind tunnel laboratories, supplemented by CFD simulations. As the outer shape of the building is extremely variable along its height in the upper portion, excitation by vortex shedding was found to be uncritical.