Wilderness

Wilderness

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Published in Louis J. Goodman, Rufino S. Ignacio, Engineering Project Management, 2019

Private management’s coordinated effort to build the haul road is indicative of the massive scale of the entire project. Some 358 miles (576 kilometers) of highly compacted and graded gravel surface road were constructed in the arctic wilderness, along with 39 bridges, 1029 culverts, 11 airports, and 135 mineral acquisition sites. Over 7000 employees attended the one-day orientation necessary for authorization to pass north through the Yukon River checkpoint; 3596 employees (including cooks, drivers, and janitors) made up the on-site support force for the equally large construction crews (tradesmen and supervisors), all of whom were warned not to disturb any of the area’s wildlife.4

Hydrological perturbations drive rapid shifts in phytoplankton biodiversity and population dynamics in Butte Lake (Lassen Volcanic National Park, California)

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Journal Information

Published in Lake and Reservoir Management, 2018

Kerry Howard, Paula Noble

Butte Lake is accessible via ∼10 km of gravel road from Hwy 44 (California), with about two-thirds of the lake located in a non-wilderness area and one-third located within a designated wilderness area. Because Butte Lake is within the park boundary, strict requirements exist for recreation, use of water resources, and scientific research. The Butte Lake campground and ranger station is supplied from a surface-water source (Butte Lake), but running water (for toilets, sinks, and potable water spigots) is only available for the summer during high-use season (generally Memorial Day to Labor Day). Wastewater is contained in a septic tank (4000 gallons) which is pumped on a schedule dependent on usage and all wastewater is disposed of off-site.

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Hydrological perturbations drive rapid shifts in phytoplankton biodiversity and population dynamics in Butte Lake (Lassen Volcanic National Park, California)