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Case Studies of Process Selection
Published in Thomas E. Carleson, Nathan A. Chipman, Chien M. Wai, Separation Techniques in Nuclear Waste Management, 2017
Dean E. Kurath, Lane A. Bray, J. A. Murphy, R.D. Boardman, L. F. Pincock, N. Christiansen
The TEAM model computes the present value (in 10/94 dollars) for life-cycle costs and cost components of user-specified treatment options for radioactive liquid and calcine waste. These costs include development; design, construction, and start-up; operations and maintenance; interim storage; disposal; and decontamination and decommissioning (D&D) costs associated with radioactive liquid and calcine waste treatment. Although the primary focus is on cost analyses of the various waste treatment options, other issues, such as the timing of expenditures and environmental impacts, are expected to be important factors in the selection and implementation of waste treatment technologies. Consequently, the TEAM model also computes the cost-time profile of expenditures and the volumes of each waste type produced.
Green Productivity Tools and Techniques
Published in Guttila Yugantha Jayasinghe, Shehani Sharadha Maheepala, Prabuddhi Chathurika Wijekoon, Green Productivity and Cleaner Production, 2020
Guttila Yugantha Jayasinghe, Shehani Sharadha Maheepala, Prabuddhi Chathurika Wijekoon
Environment pollution encompasses all stages of a product or service’s life cycle, starting with raw materials and ending with waste treatment. The pollution can be a form of air, water, or soil pollution (Sirait, 2018). The rapid consumption of raw materials and energy, the burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, emissions from industries, land-use pattern changes, etc. can all lead to pollution and result in detrimental environmental issues. Clean technologies and processes help to reduce emissions, conserve resources and energy, and manage waste;treatment technologies provide better options to reduce pollution. There are different practices used for emission reduction in various industries (Sirait, 2018).
A Logistics Analysis for Advancing Carbon and Nutrient Recovery from Organic Waste
Published in Subhas K. Sikdar, Frank Princiotta, Advances in Carbon Management Technologies, 2021
Edgar Martín-Hernández, Apoorva M. Sampat, Mariano Martin, Victor M. Zavala, Gerardo J. Ruiz-Mercado
In developed societies, waste valorization to energy and material recovery represents a business opportunity for circular economy. Furthermore, organic waste management provides a great opportunity towards the production of sustainable resources and energy (WEC, 2016) and the capability of replacing fossil-based fuels. For instance, capturing carbon through the production of bio-based chemicals derived from the biogas generated after the anaerobic digestion of the organic wastes offers an alternative for replacing the generation of electricity and heat from fossil fuels with renewable sources throughout the production of bio-methane. It is reported that about 250 operational projects in the U.S. (Nov. 2017)2 have avoided the emissions of 3.2 × 106 tons CO2e (equivalent to annual emissions from 680,000 cars)3 and generated 1.03 × 106 MWh of energy (enough to power 96,000 U.S. homes/yr).4 Other studies have evaluated the potential of some regions to meet all their NG needs by using biogas instead (Taifouris and Martín, 2018). Therefore, waste-to-energy initiatives have gained support in the context of a circular economy philosophy to enhance the development of sustainable process alternatives (Korhonen et al., 2018). Among the organic waste treatment technologies, anaerobic digestion is deemed as an interesting and promising alternative that serves a double objective when processing residues, mitigating the potential environmental and human health issues and producing valuable products that are incorporated into the economic cycle in the form of energy and chemicals.
Seasonal characterization of municipal solid waste for selecting feasible waste treatment technology for Guwahati city, India
Published in Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 2022
Abhishek Singhal, Anil Kumar Gupta, Brajesh Dubey, Makrand M Ghangrekar
For chemical characterization, collected raw samples after coning and quartering procedure were taken to the Indian Institute of Technology at Guwahati. The samples were dried in an oven at 105°C for 24 hours. After drying, samples were manually shredded, ground, and sieved to prepare samples for various chemical analyses. The chemical composition of MSW was determined through the proximate analysis and ultimate analysis. Test and methods used for chemical characterization of waste are mentioned in Table 1. After determining the physical composition of the MSW, results of the study area were compared with the MSW composition of other national and international cities. Based on the physical and chemical characterization parameters, the feasibility of treatment technologies, such as biological treatment of organic waste (biomethanation, composting), recycling, and thermal waste treatment technologies (RDF, mass incineration, gasification, pyrolysis) are discussed in detail.