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Sedimentary Rocks
Published in F.G.H. Blyth, M. H. de Freitas, A Geology for Engineers, 2017
F.G.H. Blyth, M. H. de Freitas
Oil shale has been described on p. 123. One variety, boghead coal, or torbanite appears to be closely related to cannel coals. Substantial amounts of oil can be extracted from these shales on heating. The Scottish oil shales yield 901−t and those of Colorado, Wyoming and Utah, 125 1−t (Greensmith, 1978).
Experimental study on separation of lumpish coal and gangue using X-ray
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2021
Yong Zhang, Hongzheng Zhu, Jinbo Zhu, Zhanbei ou, Tuo Shen, Jingjing Sun, Anan Feng
X-ray is applied for the gangue disposal recently due to its advantages of no liquid medium and noncontact technology (Wang, Mao, and Chen 2019; Zheng et al. 2020). Robben (Robben et al. 2014) reported an application of X-ray in the recognition of coal and gangue. Four sorts of bituminous coal mixed with gangue were prepared for the separation tests using X-ray, and the X-ray was proved to be an efficient dry-separation technology for coal processing owing to the decrease in ash content about 10 wt%. Color (RGB) and texture features of the coal and limestone were extracted from the collected images, and a model combining the color and texture features named vision-based ore sorting model was proposed for the separation of these ores (Bai et al. 2021; Schach et al. 2019). Dual energy X-ray transmission sorting was found to be an effective technology for separating the pyritic sulfur, coal and torbanite in the size range of 120–12 mm. However, the research with regarding to the thickness and density as crucial ore properties influencing the separation accuracy has been scarcely conducted (von Ketelhodt and Bergmann 2010).
Characterization of rare earth elements by XRT sorting products of a South African coal seam
Published in International Journal of Coal Preparation and Utilization, 2022
G. Akdogan, S. Bradshaw, C. Dorfling, C. Bergmann, T. Ghosh, Q. Campbell
Test work done on a laboratory scale on a variety of different coal types proved that XRT was able to separate shale and torbanite from coal (Cheesman 2007). An extensive literature review by von Ketelhodt and Bergmann (Department of Mineral Resources 2019) on coal sorting documented several applications in which XRT was able to destone and desulfurize coal successfully. The sorting applications described were ideally suited for coarse coal beneficiation including a particle size range between −100 mm and +20 mm.
Assessment of coal sortability and washability using dual energy X-ray transmission system
Published in International Journal of Coal Preparation and Utilization, 2022
Yi Ran Zhang, Nawoong Yoon, Maria E. Holuszko
Coal sorting has attracted a great deal of attention in recent years. The advancement in sorting manuacturers has allowed the use of both optical cameras and DE-XRT to be used simultaneously. (Kolacz 2012). Also, separation of coal and torbanite using DE-XRT system has been demonstrated in some of South Africa’s coal mines (Von Ketelhodt 2010).