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Practical Considerations for Wetland Identification and Boundary Delineation
Published in George Mulamoottil, Barry G. Warner, Edward A. McBean, Wetlands, 2017
The OBL and FACW species are reliable indicators of wetlands in their natural undrained condition, with the OBL species being the best indicators. OBL species are usually characteristic of the wetter (seasonally flooded to permanently flooded) wetlands, but some species, such as Nuttall Oak (Quercus nuttallii), may occur only at the drier end of the moisture gradient. Examples of OBL species are presented in Table 4. Some plant families or genera are exclusive to wetlands, while most have certain species that are wetland dependent. The predominance of these species or their occurrence at some level of moderate abundance should reveal the presence of wetland. Some common wetland types that can be identified simply by vegetation include tidal and nontidal marshes, mangrove swamps, Atlantic white cedar swamps, pocosins, fens, sedge meadows, bogs, cypress-gum swamps, and red maple-skunk cabbage swamps.
The Dawn of the SAR Mosaics Era
Published in Gianfranco (Frank) De Grandi, Elsa Carla De Grandi, Spatial Analysis for Radar Remote Sensing of Tropical Forests, 2021
Gianfranco (Frank) De Grandi, Elsa Carla De Grandi
The tile in Figure 1.6 takes us to the Congo River swamp forests. The swamp forests are an important ecosystem, since they host a great richness of flora and fauna. Moreover, they play an important role in biosphere–atmosphere exchange processes. We shall see in later chapters how the smoother spatial distribution of the swamp forest upper canopy layer (area around marker A in Figure 1.6), in comparison to the more irregular structure of the primary forest (marker B), allows for the mapping of their extent. Moreover, the strong dihedral retro-reflection between the smooth water surface and the vegetation volume enables the detection of flooding conditions.
Geology and hydrology
Published in Howard T. Odum, Elisabeth C. Odum, Mark T. Brown, Environment and Society in Florida, 2018
Howard T. Odum, Elisabeth C. Odum, Mark T. Brown
Part of the rain falling on flat lands drains first into wetlands in depressions on otherwise high ground. Okefenokee Swamp in southern Georgia, Osceola swamps, Green Swamp, and the Big Cypress area swamp are examples. After being filtered by the wetland ecosystem, some of the water of these perched swamps drains downward into the groundwaters below. Even more groundwater recharge occurs through sandy uplands in the center of the state (Figure 13.5).
Combination of super-resolution reconstruction and SGA-Net for marsh vegetation mapping using multi-resolution multispectral and hyperspectral images
Published in International Journal of Digital Earth, 2023
Bolin Fu, Xidong Sun, Yuyang Li, Zhinan Lao, Tengfang Deng, Hongchang He, Weiwei Sun, Guoqing Zhou
The Honghe National Nature Reserve (HNNR) (47°42′18″N-47°52′N, 133°34′38″E-133°46′29″E) is located at the junction of Tongjiang and Fuyuan Cities in the hinterland of the Sanjiang Plain in Heilongjiang Province, Northeast China (Figure 1). HNNR remains the entire original marsh scene of the Sanjiang Plain. As a large freshwater marsh, HNNR has high typicality and representativeness in the same bioclimatic zone of the world and was listed in the Ramsar Convention in 2002. HNNR has unique natural conditions, rich vegetation diversity, and a precious plant resource library with 175 families and 1005 species. Most vegetation types are herbaceous and aquatic marsh vegetation, such as Cyperaceae, Deyeuxia angustifolia swamp, and Phragmites australis. The climate of HNNR is temperate monsoonal with an average annual temperature of 1.9 °C. The rainfall is concentrated between July and September, and the freezing periods last from late September to mid-May. The vegetation diversity has brought out some challenges for finely classifying marsh vegetation using medium- and high-resolution images.
Murky waters: the impact of privatizing water use on environmental degradation and the exclusion of local communities in the Caribbean
Published in International Journal of Water Resources Development, 2022
Johana Herrera Arango, Juan Antonio Senent-De Frutos, Elías Helo Molina
The loss of these flood spaces triggers changes in the way the ecosystem works, altering natural water flows and the occurrence of species of fish, vegetation and other fauna. Swamps are very sensitive ecosystems, so these alterations compromise their stability. Similarly, the climate of the region plays an important role in modifying or transforming ecosystems. These ecosystems dry up more intensely in high-temperature conditions, which will become more frequent as climate change progresses.