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Computational Models for Exchange of Water between Ground Water and Surface Water Resources over a Sub-Basin
Published in Satya Prakash Maurya, Akhilesh Kumar Yadav, Ramesh Singh, Modeling and Simulation of Environmental Systems, 2023
Subba Rao Tellagorla, Subbarao Pichuka
The computational models are not only used for understanding/estimating the GW–SW interactions but also used for the impact assessment studies. Some of the computational model studies and their findings are presented here for illustrative purposes. The models used for assessing the impact of urbanization on groundwater fluctuations. It is concluded that the vegetation cover is directly proportional to the groundwater in a region. Prabhakar and Tiwari (2015) noticed that the increase in land development activities and urbanization intensify the impervious land which further leads to a reduction in groundwater recharge. The change in climate impacts the surface and subsurface water resources and thereby changes the peak time of surface runoff (Scibek et al., 2007). The recent studies confirm the changes in hydroclimatic variables, e.g., temperature (rising trend) and precipitation (falling trend), which in turn reduces the mean contribution of groundwater to streamflow (Saha et al., 2017). Intensive groundwater withdrawal has an immediate impact on the river flow than the climate change (Chunn et al., 2019).
Best Management Practices as an Alternative Approach for Urban Flood Control
Published in Saeid Eslamian, Faezeh Eslamian, Flood Handbook, 2022
These practices operate by reducing impervious surfaces, promoting infiltration, and slowing the rate of surface runoff. Other non-structural BMPs focus on protecting stormwater quality through product substitution or operation and maintenance procedures that keep pollutants from being carried away by moving storm runoff.
Water Harvesting
Published in Sandeep Samantaray, Abinash Sahoo, Dillip K. Ghose, Watershed Management and Applications of AI, 2021
Sandeep Samantaray, Abinash Sahoo, Dillip K. Ghose
Any action altering the topography of land or removing vegetation from land by clearing, grubbing, grading, tree removal, excavating, or filling, except for activities carried out for maintaining existing ground conditions, is known as land alteration. The land alteration of a catchment can increase the surface runoff yield. This method is recommended for those places, where land surface is undulating and a flatter surface is needed to enable runoff to flow smoothly into storage tanks.
Quantifying the effects of sediment transport on river channel geometry and flood level – a case study of the December 2014 flood
Published in International Journal of River Basin Management, 2022
Chun Kiat Chang, Aminuddin Ab. Ghani
The effect of rapid urbanization has an accelerated impact on catchment hydrology and geomorphology. Land use and land cover change as a result of development or human activities such as logging in the river catchment areas will cause a dramatic increase in surface runoff. It is noted that during the flood stage, the river stability threatens the entire corridor, due to high sediment yields from the river catchment and consequent generation of sediment load into the river when water floods the riverbanks (Ab. Ghani et al., 2011; Guan et al., 2016). These will cause deposition in the river channels and estuary, which leads to an increased tendency to flooding due to the decrease of the flow capacity of the channels and interruption of boat navigation (He et al., 2020; Slater et al., 2015).
Impacts of combined and separate land cover and climate changes on hydrologic responses of Dhidhessa River basin, Ethiopia
Published in International Journal of River Basin Management, 2022
Gizachew Kabite Wedajo, Misgana Kebede Muleta, Berhan Gessesse Awoke
Overall, the hydrological processes of the Dhidhessa River basin have undergone significant changes during the last three decades in response to the land cover and climate changes observed in the basin. The changes in hydrologic regimes are indicators of changes in watershed conditions (Welde & Gebremariam, 2017). The increase in surface runoff and decrease in groundwater recharge in the Dhidhessa River basin indicate deterioration of land resources of the basin and the downstream areas. Increased surface runoff aggravates soil erosion and reservoir siltation, and deteriorates water quality. As such, we believe changes in land cover and climate could result in a negative effect on water resource availability and agricultural production in the Dhidhessa River basin and the downstream areas. The problem could be more severe as the trend continues (Kabite et al., 2019; Kabite et al., 2020).
Climate change impact on water resources of medium irrigation tank
Published in ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2021
Sri Lakshmi Sesha Vani Jayanthi, Venkata Reddy Keesara
The study revealed that SWAT model works well for the tank systems of semi-arid regions of Telangana, India. The calibration and validation of the SWAT model indicate good results for the gauged watershed. Through regionalization, the model parameters are transferred to the Phakal tank catchment. The results of this study reveal that surface runoff amounts are going to be affected by the impact of climate change. The climate model (CCSM) predicts very well among all the models. The results project a streamflow decrease as high as 57% in tank inflows from historic to future time period. The rainfall and lake inflow indicate a significant decreasing trend in the Phakal Watershed. For better understanding of the water budget, SWAT model should be run using the Phakal Tank daily water level data using both RCP4.5 and 8.5 scenarios, which is under progress. In the present study, proximity method is used for regionalization of the parameters and the results are presented. The flow prediction of Phakal Lake can be improved by exploring other regionalization methods. The results from this study are useful to plan the adaptation policies for different stakeholders of the tank system. The results are useful for making decisions related to tank rejuvenation in order to achieve tank sustainability under changing climate.